despite the numerous advantages of large dams, there is still a deep suspicion about the real,long-term benefits and costs of their construction. land use change on a vast scale, displacement of a largepopulation of indigenous people, loss of biodiversity and production of greenhouse gas emissions, as well as environmental, socioeconomic and cultural consequences resulting therefrom, indicate c...

existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. according to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

The ever-increasing operational cost of geographically distributed datacenters has become a critical issue for cloud service providers. In order to cut the electricity cost of geographically distributed datacenters, several workload management schemes have been proposed, such as Electricity price-aware InteR-datacenter load balancing (EIR), which reduces the electricity cost of active servers b...

Combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) units can be integrated with conventional separate cooling, heat, and power production units to meet demands. The goal of this study is to develop and examine a hybrid GA-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving the unit commitment problem for integrated CCHP-thermal-heat only system with considerations for electricity boiler. When environmental emis...

reactive power management plays an essential role in the secure operation of the power system as an ancillary service. although in electricity markets, the particular attention is paid to active power, the reactive power also plays an important on total generation costs of electricity. on the other hand, as it is mainly confined to local consumption, to avoid market power and maintain the secur...

this paper is concerned with the estimation of total factor productivity (tfp) growth for the iranian electric utilities during the period 1980-1993 on the basis of panel data. a translog cost function is used which accommodates firm - specific variability through a one - way error component model. the results show that the iranian electricity supply industry experienced increasing returns to s...