Effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), an endogenous satiety substance, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis were examined under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia in rats. A guide cannula was inserted into the cerebral third ventricle and a vascular indwelling catheter was inserted into the right atrium from the jugular vein 2 wk and 3 days, respectively, before the exper...

Stress induced by application of electric foot shocks (300 microA/shock, five shocks per episode, 4 episodes at 1800, 1830, 1900 and 1930 hrs on the proestrus day) to rats at the time of pre-ovulatory progesterone secretion, abolished lordosis and resulted in maximum rejection co-efficient, whereas treatment with a CRF receptor antagonist (alpha-helical CRF9-41) or metapirone, an inhibitor of c...

GH-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) is a synthetic secretagogue that stimulates the release of GH by acting at both hypothalamic and pituitary sites. GHRPs also consistently elicit small, but significant, increases in plasma concentrations of ACTH and adrenal steroids. As these secretagogues do not release ACTH directly, they probably interact with the hypothalamic peptidergic systems controlling...

Endogenously produced glucocorticoids exhibit immunomodulating properties and are of pivotal importance for sepsis outcome. Uncontrolled activation the immune-adrenal crosstalk increases risk sepsis-related death. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is richly macrophages has been demonstrated to improve outcome by enhancing elimination pathogens. However, role mode action m...

Glucocorticoids are known to regulate both the noradrenergic and GABAergic inputs to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). However, little is known about the effects of glucocorticoids on the interaction of these two input systems. Here we examined the effects of bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) on the noradrenergic modulation of GABAergic transmission in the type II PVN neurons labeled with a retrog...

Noise is a widespread stress resource that may lead to detrimental effects on the health. However, the molecular basis of the stress response caused by noise remains elusive. We have studied the effects of acute and chronic noise stress on stress-related molecules in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and also corticosterone responses. Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into control, acute and c...

Variations in maternal care affect the development of individual differences in neuroendocrine responses to stress in rats. As adults, the offspring of mothers that exhibited more licking and grooming of pups during the first 10 days of life showed reduced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone responses to acute stress, increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNA...

OBJECTIVE Spontaneous labor at term involves the activation of placental corticotropin-releasing hormone and the fetal adrenal axis, but the basis for extreme preterm labor is unknown. Our objective was to determine whether placental corticotropin-releasing hormone is activated in extreme preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN One thousand five hundred six mothers delivering at less than 28 weeks' gesta...

We report the regulation of type 1 receptor mRNA in Y-79 human retinoblastoma cells, grown in the absence or presence of pharmacological levels of phorbol esters, forskolin, glucocorticoids and their combinations. To control for inducibility and for assessing the sensitivity of the Y-79 system to glucocorticoids, corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA levels were measured in parallel. All treatme...

What biological processes underlie this “resistance” to cortisol? Because this resistance includes the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis negative feedback regulatory centers in the brain and pituitary gland, this axis is activated to “overcome” or compensate for the glucocorticoid action defect (Figure 1). The production of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), arginine-vas...