For decades Electrochemical Polishing (ECP) has been used for surface polishing of bulk metal materials such as copper and stainless steel. However, it was found very challenging to planarize patterned copper films electrodeposited on silicon wafers. This work studied the mechanisms of ECP, the surface profiles and ECP effects of copper bulk and films in various electrolyte solutions. Satisfied...

Steel containing 0.03% carbon, 1.35% copper and 0.84% nickel had yield strength in the 540-625 MPa (78-90 Ksi) range depending on thickness, ultimate tensile strength in the 625-690 MPa (90100 Ksi) range, and 25-30% elongation when air cooled after hot rolling. No brittle heat-affected zone was formed during manual or automatic submerged arc welding without pre-heating or postheating. The fract...

Listeria monocytogenes is an important re-emerging pathogen which is commonly found in the environment. Many outbreaks have been associated with the contamination of food produce, often linked to cross-contamination from surfaces or equipment to prepared foodstuffs. In the present study a number of copper-base metal alloys have been used to assess the survival times of L. monocytogenes on diffe...

In the present investigation, H13 tool steel has been deposited on copper alloy substrate using both CO2 and diode laser. A detailed parametric analysis has been carried out in order to find out optimum processing zone for coating defect free H13 tool steel on copper alloy substrate. Followed by parametric optimization, the microstructure and microhardness of the deposited clads have been evalu...

Effects of wiping copper-alloyed stainless steel surfaces with disinfectants to remove protein surface contaminants and re-establish their antibacterial activities were quantitatively studied. Disinfectants used were sodium hypochlorite aqueous solutions and ethyl alcohol aqueous solutions. Wiping with NaOCl aqueous solutions effectively removed protein surface contaminants. Ethyl alcohol aqueo...

Results from the international cooperative programme on effects on materials including historic and cultural monuments are presented from the period 1987-2014 and include pollution data (SO₂, NO₂, O₃, HNO₃ and PM10), corrosion data (carbon steel, weathering steel, zinc, copper, aluminium and limestone) and data on the soiling of modern glass for nineteen industrial, urban and rural test sites i...

in the present research, friction stir welding (fsw) process was used for butt joining of pure copper plate to 316l stainless steel plate. mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the joint were evaluated by microhardness and tensile tests as well as optical and scanning electron microscope (sem). it was found that microstructure of the weld nugget (wn) has fine grains where...

Experimental investigation of heat transfer during pool boiling of two nanofluids, i.e., water-Al2O3 and water-Cu has been carried out. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. The horizontal smooth copper and stainless steel tubes having 10 mm OD and 0.6 mm wall thickness formed test heater. The experiments have been performed to establish the influence ...

BlastAlloy 160 (BA160) is a low-carbon martensitic steel strengthened by copper and M2C precipitates. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) microstructure evaluation of BA160 exhibited softening in samples subjected to the coarse-grained HAZ thermal simulations of this steel. This softening is partially attributed to dissolution of copper precipitates and metal carbides. After subjecting these coarse-graine...

The authors detail their use of a modified version of an electrolysis coil currently manufactured in the United States. They connect a platinum wire to a stainless steel wire via a copper segment, and apply low voltage current to induce thrombosis while electrolysis of the copper effects separation of the platinum coil. Their technique shows potential for treatment of complicated carotid cavern...