Reductions in Arctic sea ice may promote the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO-). It has been argued that NAO-related variability can be used an as analogue to predict the effects of Arctic sea ice loss on mid-latitude weather. As NAO- events are associated with colder winters over Northern Europe, a negatively shifted NAO has been proposed as a dynamical pathway for Arctic ...

BACKGROUND The influence of systemic comorbidities on the success of scalp cooling during chemotherapy (CT) is widely unexplored. Comorbidities often require additional medication which itself can occasionally cause alopecia. This study investigates the influence of selected parameters on the efficacy of scalp cooling for the prevention of CT-induced alopecia. PATIENTS AND METHODS 226 cancer ...

This study isolated the effect of whole head submersion in cold water, on surface heat loss and body core cooling, when the confounding effect of shivering heat production was pharmacologically eliminated. Eight healthy male subjects were studied in 17 degrees C water under four conditions: the body was either insulated or uninsulated, with the head either above the water or completely submerse...

Pretorius, Thea, Gerald K. Bristow, Alan M. Steinman, and Gordon G. Giesbrecht. Thermal effects of whole head submersion in cold water on nonshivering humans. J Appl Physiol 101: 669–675, 2006. First published April 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01241.2005.— This study isolated the effect of whole head submersion in cold water, on surface heat loss and body core cooling, when the confoundi...

Using a moment formalism [1, 2] we model beam transport in the muon collider cooling channel. This model contains much of the physics we believe to be relevant to muon cooling such as ionization energy loss and multiple scattering. Space-charge forces are currently neglected but can, in principle, be added to the model. Previously, this model has been shown to closely agree with particle tracki...

Protocols for attaining quantum degeneracy in atomic gases almost exclusively rely on evaporative cooling, a time-consuming final step associated with substantial atom loss. We demonstrate direct laser cooling of a gas of rubidium-87 (87Rb) atoms to quantum degeneracy. The method is fast and induces little atom loss. The atoms are trapped in a two-dimensional optical lattice that enables cycles...

Reduction in cooling loss due to the heat transfer from burning gas to the combustion chamber wall is very important for improving the thermal efficiency in hydrogen engines. The previous research has shown that the direct injection stratified charge can be a technique to reduce the cooling loss and improve thermal efficiency in hydrogen combustion. For effective reductions in cooling loss by t...

Cement concrete is a complex mixture of different materials. Behaviour of concrete depends on its mix proportions and constituents when it is subjected to elevated temperatures. Principal effects due to elevated temperatures are loss in compressive strength, loss in weight or mass, change in colour and spall of concrete. The experimental results of normal concrete and high strength concrete sub...