PURPOSE Technological advances in radiation therapy (RT) delivery have the potential to reduce errors via increased automation and built-in quality assurance (QA) safeguards, yet may also introduce new types of errors. Intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) is an increasingly used technology that is more technically complex than three-dimensional (3D)-conformal RT and conventional RT. We determined the ...

Introduction: In radiation therapy of lung tumors, respiratory motion causes target moving, so a larger margin is needed to cover the clinical target volume (CTV). With the margin increasing, a larger volume of normal tissue will be exposed to high-dose.  In this study, dosimetric parameters of normal lung tissue were compared between gated and conventional radiotherapy (RT), u...

Three methods to quantify gene transcript levels in mast cells, real-time RT-PCR, competitive RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR analyses, were compared. Linear regression analysis on five gene transcripts revealed that the mRNA levels measured by real-time RT-PCR analysis were minimally correlated with those by conventional RT-PCR analysis. In addition, differences in the mRNA level between sample...

This paper reviews research performed at the Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany into the impact of different tillage systems on soil properties and quality. The impact of intensive soil tillage treatments on several soil properties was described by means of selected data obtained through long-term interdisciplinary research. The experiments were based on comparative application (long-...

Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiotherapy (RT) is the standard of care for women with breast cancer. Evidence shows that RT dose to the heart can result in ischemic heart disease. In this study we compared 3 different RT techniques were for heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and lung doses in left breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surge...

INTRODUCTION Reports describing respiratory function of patients after conventional or minimally invasive cardiac surgery are infrequent. AIM To compare pulmonary functional status after conventional (AVR) and after minimally invasive, through right anterior minithoracotomy, aortic valve replacement (RT-AVR). MATERIAL AND METHODS This was an observational analysis of 212 patients scheduled ...

Crop production process utilizes input energy and produces some biomass energy as output.  During this process, greenhouse gases (GHGs) are also emitted which can make environmental risks. In this study, input and output energies, energy indices, and GHG emissions arising from inputs were estimated for wheat-cotton rotation under different tillage practices in Fars province. The study was condu...

Significant changes in the shape, size and position of the bladder during radiotherapy (RT) treatment for bladder cancer have been correlated with high local failure rates; typically due to geographical misses. To account for this, large margins are added around the target volumes in conventional RT; however, this increases the volume of healthy tissue irradiation. The availability of cone beam...

Background and Objective: Recent experimental studies using ultra-high dose rate radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) have shown improved normal tissue sparing comparable tumor control compared to conventional radiotherapy (RT). Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton with superior dosimetry characteristics has begun draw attention the delivery of conformal FLASH-RT for preclinical studies. This review aims ...