background: although lebanon is a highly polluted country, so far no study has specifically been designed to assess the association between outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in this country. objective: to assess the association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in lebanon. methods: a pilot case-control study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals....

background: considering the negative consequences of using physical restraints, we conducted this study to identify patients who are more frequently restrained in a psychiatric emergency ward as an initial step to limit the use of restraint to the minimum possible. methods: this was a retrospective case control study conducted in iran psychiatric hospital in tehran, iran. we reviewed the files ...

background: the novel influenza a (h1n1) virus was first detected in march 2009 in mexico and then disseminated to many other countries worldwide. in this study, we assessed the potential risk factors of swine flu as well as the most important clinical manifestations of this infectious disease among confirmed cases during early phase of pandemic h1n1. methods: subjects (cases and controls) were...

Research on shallow processing suggests that readers sometimes encode only a superficial representation of a text and fail to make use of all available information. Greene, McKoon, and Ratcliff (1992) extended this work to pronouns, finding evidence that readers sometimes fail to automatically identify referents even when these are unambiguous. In this paper we revisit those findings. In 11 rec...

Increased postural sway in the elderly has been viewed as a degradation of the postural control system that may be related to an increased risk of falls in the elderly [1]. This study demonstrated the degradation of postural control with aging by quantifying the changes seen in the temporal structure as well as the magnitude of movement of the center of pressure during quiet stance. The analysi...

background: headaches are one of the most frequent reasons for pain in multiple sclerosis (ms) individuals. characterization of headaches and delineating possible relationships with ms-related determinants can ultimately circumvent headaches. methods: in a prospective case-control study, 65 iranian relapsing- remitting ms (rrms) patients and 65 healthy controls were recruited during patients’ a...

background: the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between congenital hypothyroidism and several variables using two different adjustment methods. methods: this matched case-control study was conducted in hamadan province, the west of iran, in 2012 enrolling neonates born between 2005 and 2011 and covered by screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. the neonates with t...

background certain social determinants may influence host susceptibility to tuberculosis (tb) infections, and increase the risk of developing the disease. objectives the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of several host and environmental factors on the risk of tb in northern iranian households. patients and methods this case-control study was conducted for one year between 2010 and 20...

patients and methods fifty nine patients with indication for carpal tunnel release randomly assigned into two groups: open (n=30) or knifelight (n=29). the patients compared regarding scar length, operation duration, time to return to daily activities and amount of pain at three weeks after operation based on visual analog scale. results there was no significant differences regarding age and se...

prostate cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in iran, yet there are few studies examining risk factors specific to the iranian context. we conducted a case-control study to explore risk factors for prostate cancer in mazandaran, iran from 2005 to 2008. the cases were 137 men with clinicopathologically confirmed prostate cancer. controls were 137 neighborhood and age match men wit...