“resistance literature” is a new term in iranian literature with subject of their islamic revolution and their sacred defense (related to the war iraq imposed iran from 1980 up to 1988). there are many poets who have being worked in this field and their names are listed in relevant books and encyclopedias. this article is to prove that the late farshidvard was one of the pioneer activists again...

along with the beginning of novel and short story writing in persian and urdu languages various literary movements like realism, social realism and surrealism overshadowed the contemporary literature of iran and pakistan. modern prose of persian and urdu consists of great assets from novels and short stories, and their considerable background . during various periods of the growth and prosperit...

the contemporary french literature beholds the considerable presence of works which frankly speak of the writer’s “self”. the trinal circles of writer-character-narrator triangle is mixed and created a current of literature dominated by the “first person”. many critics believe this matter demonstrates the dominance if “individualism” in today’s society. meaning, an individual society which plac...