The aim of this study was to develop a test system to evaluate the effectiveness of procedures for decontamination of respirators contaminated with viral droplets. MS2 coliphage was used as a surrogate for pathogenic viruses. A viral droplet test system was constructed, and the size distribution of viral droplets loaded directly onto respirators was characterized using an aerodynamic particle s...

Humans establish acquired immune systems during the growth, which can sufficiently eliminate pathogen avoiding immune responses to self, such as allergy and autoimmunity. An imbalance of the acquired immune system leads up to immune-mediated disorders. Ultraviolet (UV) exposure helps to establish the normal peripheral tolerance to contact allergen avoiding excessive immune responses. By contras...

Cytokines produced by keratinocytes play an essential role in the induction of immune suppression following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Using antibodies specific for either interleukin-lO (IL-b) or tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), we present evidence indicating that IL-b suppresses delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) but not contact hypersensitivity (CHS), whereas TNF-ct suppresses CHS but not D...

This work analyzes the long-term functionality of HP (High-power) UV-LEDs (Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diodes) as the exciting light source in non-contact, continuous 24/7 real-time fluoro-sensing pollutant identification in inland water. Fluorescence is an effective alternative in the detection and identification of hydrocarbons. The HP UV-LEDs are more advantageous than classical light sources...

background: titanium dioxide (tio2)-mediated photocatalysis has been found to be an efficient method of water treatment and is capable of degrading a wide range of organic pollutants and microbial agents with high efficiency. the microorganism pseudomonas aeruginosa is resistant to chemicals and uv irradiation. bacteria which are resistant to uv-induced oxidative damage of the cell membrane are...

PURPOSE To determine whether class 1 UV-blocking contact lenses protect against UVB radiation-induced damage in a human lens epithelial cell line (HLE B-3) and postmortem human lenses using a proteomics approach. METHODS HLE B-3 cells were exposed to 6.4 mW/cm(2) UVB radiation at 302 nm for 2 minutes (768 mJ/cm(2)) with or without covering by senofilcon A class 1 UV-blocking contact lenses or...

PURPOSE To determine whether class I ultraviolet (UV) light-blocking contact lenses prevent UV-induced pathologic changes in a rabbit model. METHODS Twelve rabbits were assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (n = 4), as follows: senofilcon A (class I UV blocking) contact lenses; lotrafilcon A contact lenses (no reported UV blocking); no contact lens. The contralateral eye was patched without a c...

Recirculating aquaculture systems may require an internal disinfection process to control population growth of pathogens and heterotrophic bacteria. Ozonation and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation are two technologies that have been used to treat relatively large aquaculture flows, including flows within freshwater systems that recirculate water. The objective of the present study was to evaluate th...

The role of photodegradation, an abiotic process, has been largely overlooked during straw decomposition in mesic ecosystems. We investigated the mass loss and chemical structures of straw decomposition in response to elevated UV-B radiation with or without soil contact over a 12-month litterbag experiment. Wheat and maize straw samples with and without soil contact were exposed to three radiat...