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Despite growing documentation that the conditions needed to support competition in health care do not exist, consumer-directed health care has been offered as the new market-based solution to cost inflation. Yet typical consumer-based insurance products undermine the very logic of expecting consumers to make good health care decisions by making preventive services--the category of services abou...

The practice of target pricing has been a key factor in the success of Japanese manufacturers. In the more commonly-known demand-side approach, the target price for the supplier equals the manufacturer’s market price less a percent margin for the manufacturer but no cost-improvement expenses are shared. In the supply-side approach, cost-improvement expenses are shared and the target price equal...

Many studies find that consumers reduce spending in response to higher health insurance cost-sharing, but there is mixed evidence as to whether these spending reductions reflect a rational trade-off between health benefits and costs. This paper provides new evidence on the rationality of consumer responses to cost-sharing using novel variation in two common types of cost-sharing incentives: ded...

This brief examines changes in consumer health plan cost-sharing--deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, and out-of-pocket limits--for coverage offered in the Affordable Care Act's marketplaces between 2015 and 2016. Three of seven measures studied rose moderately in 2016, an increase attributable in part to a shift in the mix of plans offered in the marketplaces, from plans with higher actuaria...

In October 2005, the Health Industry Forum sponsored a one-day meeting, “Promoting Appropriate Utilization in an Era of Increasing Patient Cost Sharing: Early Experience and Future Benefit Design Strategies.” This meeting brought together representatives from health plans, pharmaceutical firms, consumer groups, employers and academic researchers to debate the potential benefits and risks of con...

as one way to approach industrial symbiosis, environmental infrastructure sharing is principally concerned with providing an integrated environmental utility system for clustered firms. it is based on the assumption that environmental infrastructure sharing can improve the regional competitive advantage by reducing overall cost and improving environmental performance. in order to verify the ass...

This paper explores two Omnichannel retail models consisted of one online platform and brick-and-mortar store under different power structures considering cost-sharing mechanisms. In supply chain dominated by the store, respectively, a “Buy pick up in store” strategy, influences ratio proportion traditional consumers on pricing service decisions, demands various groups consumers, performance sy...

Cost-sharing is regarded as an important tool to reduce moral hazard in health insurance. Contrary to standard prediction, however, such requirements are found to decrease utilization both of e cient and of ine cient care. I employ a simple model that incorporates two possible explanations consumer mistakes and limited access to assess the welfare implications of di erent insurance designs. I n...