The paper addresses an optimization-based reference calculation method for Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC) operating in normal and constrained situations (when the converter needs to prioritize its quantities as it has reached voltage or current limitations, e.g. during system faults). optimization problem prioritizes satisfy external AC active reactive set-points demanded by grid operator ...

This paper discusses issues pertaining to mechanisms which can be used to change the behaviour of Java classes at runtime. The proxy mechanism will be compared to and contrasted with other standard approaches to this problem. Some of the problems the proxy mechanism is subject to will be expanded upon. The question of whether statically-developed proxies can ever be a viable alternative to byte...

Nowadays, transformers can be operated close to their thermal limits. The state of the art in transformer limits are Dynamic Thermal Rating (DTR). DTR based on two temperature limits: either a design or maximal-permissible temperature. However, many papers estimate with only. Therefore, true is still underestimated since limit ignored as well current (in some papers). Moreover, rely conservativ...