It is generally recognized that human listeners can distinguish between speakers who are familiar to them far better than those who are unfamiliar. This increased ability is due no doubt to speaker idiosyncrasies that are recognized by the listener, either consciously or unconsciously. These speaker characteristics offer the possibility to significantly improve automatic speaker recognition per...

intertextuality is a theory that by its entrance to the field of literary criticism caused excellent change in this field. according to this theory each composition, consciously or unconsciously is a birth and rereading of previous or contemporary composition. according to this theory, we saw many arabic texts that each of them in any kind or shape is in relation with classic arabic texts and –...

This study investigates the capacity of elementary-level Chinese second language learners to memorize serial verb sentences based on results a questionnaire. Our findings show that adult employ concept temporal sequence in learning, consciously or unconsciously, whether not chronological principle has been formally taught. Therefore, we propose specific cognitive principles, such as principle, ...

This article examines the iconography of blackness in book covers early Polish children’s literature. In doing so, it draws attention to textual practices that consciously or unconsciously reproduce long-existing Eurocentric colonial/racial imaginaries Africa and its people. literature often depicts inferiority illustrated Black bodies, whilst highlighting superiority whiteness Europeanness, as...

Unconsciously presented information can influence our behavior in an experimental context. However, whether these effects can be translated to a daily life context, such as advertising, is strongly debated. What hampers this translation is the widely accepted notion of the short-livedness of unconscious representations. The effect of unconscious information on behavior is assumed to rapidly van...

Common wisdom and scientific evidence suggest that good decisions require conscious deliberation. But growing evidence demonstrates that not only conscious but also unconscious thoughts influence decision-making. Here, we hypothesize that both consciously and unconsciously acquired memories guide decisions. Our experiment measured the influence of subliminally and supraliminally presented infor...

The formulation of global health policy is political; and all institutions operating in the global health landscape are political. This is because policies and institutions inevitably represent certain values, reflect particular ideologies, and preferentially serve some interests over others. This may be expressed explicitly and consciously; or implicitly and unconsciously. But it’s important t...

This research shows that people can unconsciously initiate and follow arithmetic rules (e.g., addition). Participants were asked to detect whether a symbol was a digit. This symbol was preceded by 2 digits and a subliminal instruction: add or a control instruction. Participants were faster at identifying a symbol as a number when the symbol was equal to the sum of the 2 digits and they received...

In conflict tasks such as the Stroop, the Eriksen flanker or the Simon task, it is generally observed that the detection of conflict in the current trial reduces the impact of conflicting information in the subsequent trial; a phenomenon termed conflict adaptation. This higher-order cognitive control function has been assumed to be restricted to cases where conflict is experienced consciously. ...