The submicroscopic organization of the retinal rods of the rabbit has been studied with high resolution electron microscopy in thin longitudinal and cross-sections. The outer rod segment consists of a stack of flattened sacs or cisternae each of them limited by a thin homogeneous membrane of about 30 A. The membrane of the rod sacs is attached to the surface membrane and is also in continuity w...

Since 1986, more than 500 million powder forged (PF) connecting rods have been manufactured and installed in automobiles worldwide. The application of forging a preformed near-net shape consolidated from metal powder has been widely accepted since the early eighties and today is the preferred manufacturing technique for 60% of the connecting rods manufactured in North America. The remaining por...

In series of automobile engine components a connecting rod is highly critical and researchable one. The main idea of this study is to do analysis of connecting rod and get idea of stress producing during compressive and tensile loading. And then give idea about weight reduction opportunities for a production steel connecting rod. This has entailed performing a detailed load analysis. Therefore,...

Abstract—The connecting rod transmits the piston load to the crank causing the latter to turn, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the crankshaft. Connecting rods are subjected to forces generated by mass and fuel combustion. This study investigates and compares the fatigue behavior of forged steel, powder forged and ASTM a 514 steel cold quenched conn...

Connecting rod is a crucial part of the reciprocating compressor and the crankpin bearing fault of connecting rod is always the obstacle in fault diagnosis. Normally the condition monitoring of connecting rod and dynamic analysis are based on cylinder dynamic pressure monitoring which is also an important method for fault diagnosis. However, it is hard to diagnose crankpin bearing fault in real...

Connecting rod is the intermediate link between the piston and the crank. And is responsible to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion of the crank. Generally connecting rods are manufactured using carbon steel and in recent days aluminium alloys are finding its application in connecting rod. In this w...

This article presents the results of research into causes wear piston pin mounted in bosses by means a hinge joint and connecting rod small end thermocompression bond. Changes geometry pin-top surface structure, which are caused mutual influence mating surfaces variable lubrication conditions, presented. The progress scuffing as result insufficient elements or oil film breaking is demonstrated....