We report 3 cases of conjoined nerve root anomalies identified during micro-endoscopic discectomy (MED). Between 2009 and 2010, 61 men and 20 women aged 18 to 84 (mean, 42) years underwent MED for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation of L3-4 (n=1), L4-5 (n=44), and L5-S1 (n=36). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), myelogram, and postmyelo computed tomography did not identify the anomalies. All 3 pa...

background: monozygotic monochorionic triplet pregnancy with conjoined twins is a very rare condition and is associated with many complications. case: in this study, we describe a monochorionic–diamniotic triplet pregnancy after in vitro fertilization with an intracytoplasmic sperm injection. at a gestational age of 6 weeks and 4 days of pregnancy one gestational sac was observed, and at a gest...

The congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral nerve roots have frequently been found in the past as operative findings during surgery for protruded disc and are today diagnosed preoperatively with increasing frequency. They include the more cranial or more caudal origin of a nerve root, the conjoined structure of two roots and the anastomoses between two or more roots. This study reviews the larg...

dicephalic parapagus tribrachius conjoined twin is a very rare condition. we present a case of 5-days-old male dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins. the conjoined twins were diagnosed in 4(th) month of pregnancy by ultrasonography. the pregnancy terminates at 36 weeks by cesarean section and triplets were born. the babies were male conjoined twins and another healthy male baby. many congenital ...

Parapagus dicephalus conjoined twins are rare but severe complication of multigestational pregnancies. Many conjoined twin pregnancies are diagnosed before reaching viability. We present a case report of conjoined twins reached term. A 35-year-old pregnant woman, who had no prenatal follow up, delivered conjoined twins at Van Maternity Hospital. The total weight of the fetuses was 4750 g. and t...

Case reports of conjoined twins ("Siamese twins") in wild mammals are scarce. Most published reports of conjoined twins in mammals concern cases in man and domestic mammals. This article describes a case of cephalopagus conjoined twins in a leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) collected on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, in the period 1873-76. A review of known cases of conjoined twinning i...

This paper presents a history of the treatment of conjoined twins. The first mention of this malformation comes from the Neolithic period. Conjoined twins were depicted in mythologies of ancient peoples. The present paper focuses on the theories of formation of Siamese twins and attempts at their separation. Moreover, the history of treatment of conjoined twins in Poland is described.