If 91 and 23 are algebras, where 9Is23, and 6 is a congruence relation on 91, let 0® be the smallest congruence relation on 93 containing 0. 91 is called a congruence subalgebra of 93 if 9ls93 and, for every congruence relation 0 on 91, 0*n|9I|2=0. Elementary subalgebras are congruence subalgebras, and there are Directed Union and Loewenheim-Skolem Theorems for congruence subalgebras analogous ...

Let L be a lattice and let L1, L2 be sublattices of L. Let be a congruence relation of L1. We extend to L by taking the smallest congruence of L containing . Then we restrict to L2, obtaining the congruence L2 of L2. Thus we have de ned a map ConL1 ! ConL2. Obviously, this is an isotone 0-preservingmap of the nite distributive lattice ConL1 into the nite distributive lattice ConL2. The main res...

in this paper, we define the notions of fuzzy congruence relations and fuzzy convex subalgebras on a commutative residuated lattice and we obtain some related results. in particular, we will show that there exists a one to one correspondence between the set of all fuzzy congruence relations and the set of all fuzzy convex subalgebras on a commutative residuated lattice. then we study fuzzy...

In this paper we define a congruence relation for regular terms of sPBC (stochastic Petri Box Calculus), by means of which we identify those processes that have the same behaviour, not only in terms of the multiactions that they can perform, but also taking into account the stochastic information that they have associated. In order to define this equivalence relation we have to define an adequa...

Contextual equivalence equate terms that have the same observable behaviour in any context. A standard contextual equivalence for CCS is the strong barbed congruence. Configuration structures are a denotational semantics for processes in which one define equivalences that are more discriminating, i.e. that distinguish the denotation of terms equated by barbed congruence. Hereditary history pres...

In this paper, the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy congruence relation on a residuated lattice is introduced and its properties is studied. The relationship between intuitionistic fuzzy filters and intuitionistic fuzzy congruence relations on a residuated lattice is obtain. Then the intuitionistic fuzzy congruence relation corresponding to a given intuitionistic fuzzy filter on residuated latti...

In this contribution the Myhill-Nerode congruence relation on tree series is reviewed and a more detailed analysis of its properties is presented. It is shown that, if a tree series is deterministically recognizable over a zero-divisor free and commutative semiring, then the Myhill-Nerode congruence relation has finite index. By [Borchardt: Myhill-Nerode Theorem for Recognizable Tree Series. LN...

This  paper extends the notion of fuzzy $BCK$-subalgebras to fuzzy hyper $BCK$-subalgebras and defines an extended fuzzy $BCK$-subalgebras. This study  considers  a type of fuzzy hyper  $BCK$-ideals  in this  hyperstructure  and  describes   the  relationship  between hyper  $BCK$-ideals and  fuzzy hyper  $BCK$-ideals.  In fact, it tries to introduce   a  strongly  regular  relation  on hyper $...

ly, we assume there is some function that extracts the angles, size, color, or whatever other property of elements we’re interested in. Two elements would be considered equivalent iff the function extracts the same value for each. � Course Notes, Week 4: Binary Relations 3 For example, if fc is the function mapping a triangle to the lengths its sides, then fc determines the congruence relation....