In a stochastic roadway congestion and pricing model, one scheme (omniscient pricing) relies on the full knowledge of each individual journey cost and of early and late penalties of the traveler. A second scheme (observable pricing) is based on observed queuing delays only. Travelers are characterized by late-acceptance levels. The effects of various late-acceptance levels on congestion pattern...

| Typical placement objectives involve reducing net-cut cost or minimizing wirelength. Congestion minimization is the least understood, however, it models routability most accurately. In this paper, we study the congestion minimization problem during placement. First, we show that a global placement with minimum wirelength has minimum total congestion. We show that minimizing wirelength may (an...

In the emerging deregulated electric power market, congestion management becomes extremely important and it can impose barrier to electric power trading. There are t w o types of congestion management methodologies to relieve congestion in transmission lines. One is non-cost free methods and another is cost-free methods, among them later method relieves the congestion technically whereas the fo...

We aim to reduce the social cost of congestion in many smart city applications. In our model of congestion, agents interact over limited resources after receiving signals from a central agent that observes the state of congestion in real time. Under natural models of agent populations, we develop new signalling schemes and show that by introducing a non-trivial amount of uncertainty in the sign...

In the deregulated power systems, transmission congestion is one of the significant and main problems of the electrical networks which can cause incremental cost in the energy. This problem has resulted to new challenging issues in different parts of power systems which there was not in the traditional systems or at least had very little importance. Transmission congestion happens when the maxi...

under the smart grid environment, demand response resources (drrs) are introduced as a virtual power plant to enhance power system adequacy. drrs often fail to reduce their load due to some external factors. in this paper, a reliability model of a drr is constructed as multi-state conventional generation units, where the probability, frequency of occurrence, and departure rate of each state can...

Considering the hub airports are traffic transfer points, the congestion is easily happened. The cost caused by congestion will rise significantly. The hub-and-spoke airline network optimization model with congestion cost is designed. In the actual operations of airlines, such problem is difficult to be solved by using the classical optimization methods. This paper presents a Particle Swarm Opt...