Kashmir is located in a region where winter temperatures are very low. During the winter months, the temperature in Kashmir is often below 0⁰ C. Generally concrete placed in colder regions with the help of insulated forms as well as heaters to protect freshly mixed concrete against freezing. These practices try to incorporate unnecessary carbon and leads to an disagreeable carbon footprint. The...

Self-compacting concrete is a fluid mixture suitable for placing in structures with congested reinforcement without vibration. Self-compacting concrete development must ensure a good balance between deformability and stability. Also, compactibility is affected by the characteristics of materials and the mix proportions; it becomes necessary to evolve a procedure for mix design of SCC. The paper...

The proper preparation of the surface of concrete is an important stage in the construction and renovation of building structures. Before placing a concrete topping it is essential to determine the morphology of the concrete base surface. This paper describes a novel application of three-dimensional (3D) optical laser triangulation method for investigation of the concrete surface morphology. It...