Organizations deal with complex information systems innovations such as enterprise resource planning systems to enable and support their operations. While there is considerable research on organizations’ adoption, implementation, and use of such complex information systems, prior literature has not dwelt as much on the diffusion or the spread of such complex information systems across a populat...

From its roots in physics, mathematics, and biology, the study of complexity science, or complex adaptive systems, has expanded into the domain of organizations and systems of organizations. Complexity science is useful for studying the evolution of complex organizations -entities with multiple, diverse, interconnected elements. Evolution of complex organizations often is accompanied by feedbac...

Complex organizations spend significant resources acquiring new processes and technologies . However, there is no assurance that organizational members will embrace these technologies once they are adopted . Organizational leaders have a strong incentive to ensure that new practices persist, and that technological changes become so routine as to be taken for granted : a process called instituti...