Background: A growing number of communities are re-discovering the value their streets as important public spaces for many aspects daily life, creating need a transformation in quality those streets. An emerging concept ‘complete streets’ is to accommodate all users transportation system. Methods: In this paper, we present sustainable complete design criteria that integrate by adding socio-envi...

BACKGROUND Policy changes were needed to reshape the built environment for active transportation. METHODS Using the social ecological model as a framework, the Healthy Hawaii Initiative worked with a contractor to develop a series of meetings, planning sessions, and workshops. Activities spanned 22 months between 2007 and 2009, and involved multiple stakeholders, including educational outreac...

INTRODUCTION Walking and bicycling are important but underused modes of transportation in the United States. Road design influences how much walking and bicycling takes place along streets and roads. Currently, numerous national policy initiatives, including Safe Routes to School and Complete Streets, are attempting to improve pedestrian and bicycling infrastructure and "friendliness." However,...

1-      introduction the increasing growth of urbanization in recent decade and occurring most of the economic and social activities of human being in urban environments cause that the city is considered as a place a citizen spends much time and it is one of the effective and important places in which the majority of memories, experiences, emotions are formed. thus, cities play important role i...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research are to conceptualize the Bicycle Safety Index (BSI) that considers all parts of the street and to propose a universal guideline with microscale details. METHOD A point system method comparing existing safety facilities to a defined standard is proposed to estimate the BSI. Two streets in Singapore and Malaysia are chosen to examine this model. RESU...

Monika Kopacz, Daniel J. Jacob, Daven Henze, Colette L. Heald, David G. Streets, Qiang Zhang 1 Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 3 Center for Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 4 Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National...