BACKGROUND Analysis of gene expression in peripheral blood samples is increasingly being applied in biomarker studies of disease diagnosis and prognosis. Although knowledge of interindividual and interethnic variation in gene expression is required to set ethnicity-specific reference intervals and to select reference genes and preferred markers from a list of candidate genes, few studies have a...

BACKGROUND Concentrations of physiological response variables fluctuate over time. The present study describes within-day and seasonal fluctuations for total cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), IgA, prolactin, and free testosterone in blood, and estimates within- (CV(i)) and between-subject (CV(g)) CVs for healthy women. In addition, the index of in...

Iran has experienced high food prices in recent years. This paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on Iranian urban households using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach. The elasticity coefficients derived from QUAIDS are used to estimate Compensated Variations (CV).The study uses Iranian Household Expenditure and Income Survey (HEIS) raw data,...

A b s t r a c t . We examine the effects of changing the coefficient of variation (CV) of the inter-stimulus interval on the CV of the output interspike interval (ISI), using constant magnitude, supra-threshold pointprocess stimuli of the membrane potential variable in the FitzHughNagumo model. The coefficient of variation of the input is changed within the context of a displaced exponential di...

Urinary creatinine excretion, measured in 96 24-h urine specimens collected from a single subject, was less variable (CV, 9.3%) than daily urine volume (CV, 20.7%). However, a small variation in measured creatinine excretion did exist, since the observed CV of 9.3% was not explicable either on the basis of analytical error (CV for replicate determinations, 1.1%) or of collection error. Thus, 24...

Within each patient treated with vitamin K antagonist (VKA), variation of the international normalised ratio (INR) occurs over the treatment period. The purpose of the present study was to assess INR variation in selected patients on long-term treatment in whom the dose of VKA was not changed. This type of variation is considered as "biological variation" which is caused by many factors but not...

Mast seeding, or masting, is the variable production of flowers, seeds, or fruit across years more or less synchronously by individuals within a population. A critical issue is the extent to which temporal variation in seed production over a collection of individuals can be viewed as arising from a combination of individual variation and synchrony among individuals. Studies of masting typically...