on the basis of constitution and social and cultural contexts, each country has its own private international law system. concerning countries with federal system like the united states of america, conflict of laws not only may occur between laws of the united states and law of the other countries, but also in a distinctive manner, among states of the usa together. european :union: is in the sa...

micrornas (mirna) are a class of noncoding and regulatory rna molecules about 22 nucleotides in length. micrornas regulate gene expression by an rna interfering pathway through cleavage or inhibition of the translation of target mrna. many mirnas have been reported for their important roles in developmental processes in various animals, but there is limited information about cattle and sheep mi...

historical sociology, as a comparative study of social groups, leads to the understanding of the structure of a society, its background and its composition in the past and these serve as the setting for the historical events. it also provides an insight which bridges the gap in the evidence and claims of the historians and contributes to the improvement and promotion of historians' mode of...

Different goals and potential audiences determine that two types of environmental performance assessments (comparative vs. absolute) can be distinguished. Whether sitespecific environmental conditions are accounted for constitutes an underlying watershed between them. As a result, disparate metrics are needed to accommodate these different assessments, which essentially demand “realism” to diff...

The concept of orthology is widely used to relate genes across different species using comparative genomics, and it provides the basis for inferring gene function. Here we present the web accessible OrthoDB database that catalogs groups of orthologous genes in a hierarchical manner, at each radiation of the species phylogeny, from more general groups to more fine-grained delineations between cl...

For transferring data to increase performance and implementation simplicity different analogue and digital techniques are used in fiber optic communication channel. Different digital modulation formats maximizes spectral efficiency and also improves tolerance to transmission impairments. This paper reviews a comparative analysis for the different digital modulation formats within 100Gb/s and be...

We constructed five comparative models in a blind manner for the second meeting on the Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction methods (CASP2). The method used is based on a novel graph-theoretic clique-finding approach, and attempts to address the problem of interconnected structural changes in the comparative modeling of protein structures. We discuss briefly how the method is use...

TiO2 photocatalysis can be performed for the addition of pyridines to vinylarenes in an anti-Markovnikov manner. Seven examples with considerable yields (56-91%) and selectivity were demonstrated. A comparative survey of the involved process through ESR revealed a novel concerted two electron transfer pathway for these photocatalytic bimolecular addition reactions.

This paper characterizes downside risk aversion in a simple and intuitive manner. The characterization highlights certain features of downside risk aversion that are common with traditional risk aversion in regards the comparative statics of risk-free wealth. Also, using this characterization one can simplify considerably a theorem by Jindapon (2010) relating to greater downside risk aversion a...