This paper describes recent efforts at Linguistic Data Consortium at the University of Pennsylvania to create manual transcripts as a shared resource for human language technology research and evaluation. Speech recognition and related technologies in particular call for substantial volumes of transcribed speech for use in system development, and for human gold standard references for evaluatin...

In this paper, I show that scales (or hierarchies) have been appealed to in various functions: They have been used to formulate descriptive generalizations (on a single language), and to formulate cross-linguistic generalizations. They have also been used for binary relations, and for implicational relations among more than two items on the scale. This yields four uses of scales (descriptive re...

We present a general treatment of the comparative that is based on more basic linguistic elements so that the underlying system can be effectively utilized: in the syntactic analysis phase, the comparative is treated the same as similar structures; in the syntactic regularization phase, the comparative is transformed into a standard form so that subsequent proceasing is basically unaffected by ...

Giuseppe Longobardi is Anniversary Professor of Linguistics in the Department of Language and Linguistic Science of the University of York. He has worked in theoretical and comparative syntax, with a special interest in the study of the structural correspondence of meaning. The structure of nominal expressions and the syntax of negation and negative quantifiers are two of the most prominent top...

This paper is based on extensive studies of MT evaluation methods and practical comparative evaluation experience testing major MT systems such as Systran, Metal, Logos, Ariane. Evaluation studies were carried out within the framework of a Ph.D., on behalf of the EC Commission, and the London based computer consultancy OVUM. The paper begins with some general observations on the state of the ar...

There are many situations in which problems deal with vague and imprecise information. In such cases, the information could be modelled by means of numbers, however, it doesn’t seem logical to model imprecise information in a precise way. Therefore, the use of linguistic modelling have been used with successful results in these problems. The use of linguistic information involves the need of ca...

The article offers a comparative description of typological mechanisms used in political communicative practice and methods of verbal explication of its axiological and symbolic constituents determining universal mental features of individual/collective consciousness. The research position based on a systemic multilevel analysis of the component structure of discourse facilitates the identifica...

In this contribution our aim is to present a multicriteria linguistic decision making model in which experts might provide their assessments by using linguistic expressions based on comparative terms close to the expressions used by human beings in real world problems or single linguistic terms. To aggregate such a type of linguistic information two symbolic aggregation operators are introduced...

The article is devoted to linguistic universals as one of the most important term typology and foundation comparative research.
 Purpose. analysis aimed at tracing history emergence formation universals, well analyzing available definitions classifications on basis synthesis views famous linguists authors’ own observations, determining place verbal constructions with an aspectual meaning i...