since the last few years, criminal policy authorities of iran started to withdraw their previous emphasis on repressive approaches and under the impact of criminological studies and translation of policy initiatives in western countries new concept and vocabulary were entered into official discourse and criminal justice policy of iran. consequently, a list of community-based approaches to crimi...

extended abstract 1. introduction in recent years, so many countries have paid many attention to tourism as a strategy to make money and benefit for the local communities. many researchers consider tourism an appropriate strategy for economic and social development of developing countries know. despite all the benefits of community-based tourism, in most developing countries, little authority i...

Papers in the Social Development series are not formal publications of the World Bank. They are published informally and circulated to encourage discussion and comment within the development community. The findings, interpretations, judgments, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to...

community participation, as one of the basic components of sustainable development in a community. this study aimed to determine patterns of community participation, identify factors associated with their social and civic engagement, and examine the relation between the factors and community engagement patterns. patterns of citizen participation were determined in social and civic engagements. ...

the frequency and impacts of floods have increased in iran in the past few decades. as flood events are in most instances associated with human activities, mitigating their impacts requires non-structural and community-based initiative alongside structural measures. in this connection, the concept of community resilience has been advanced in recent times, which attaches importance to interactio...

this paper aims to shed the light on how the luxury tourism may serve as a community economic development strategy in the depleted communities. the purpose of the study is to identify the interests and preferences of potential tourists in the 21st century, primarily those individuals who have the time and money to spend a week visiting the 1000 islands region, thereby contributing much more to ...

abstract urban neighborhoods are as the smallest unit of spatial organization in the city to urban stability. neighborhoods development will be considered one of the main goals of planning the urban stability development and, it is key action to achieve stable development. stable community development perspective, will strengthen the new approach, that the solving of the urban problems is perce...

social development undoubtedly requires people participation in different domains. it seems without participation, we cannot achieve a people-centered, inclusive and sustainable social development. in the social development process, all citizens with various ethnic and religious interests are able to affect on all the social phenomena and variables, based on their competencies and mental capaci...