lead poisoning has several clinical manifestations so the diagnosis may be troublesome. these manifestations consist of anemia, neurologic abnormalities, liver and biliary tract problems and abdominal pain. not only opium addiction, but also lead toxicity can cause biliary tract problems.when both etiologies occur at the same time, the diagnosis is difficult. a 46 year old opium addicted man wi...

BACKGROUND AND AIM The function of the common bile duct is to transport bile from the liver and the gall bladder to the duodenum. Since the bile duct is a distensible tube consisting mainly of connective tissue, it is important to obtain data on the passive mechanical wall properties. The aims of this study were to study morphometric and biomechanical wall properties during distension of the bi...

Introduction: Given the importance of identifying common bile duct diameter in diseases diagnoses and being different in different races, this paper aimed to investigate the relationship between the diameter of the common bile duct and demographic factors and drug addiction in patients who referred to the imaging department of Imam Reza hospital in Birjand during the year 1391-...

It is generally recognized that the principal factors responsible for the flow of bile into the intestine are the hepatic secretory pressure and the activity of the gall-bladder. In conjunction with these must be considered the resistance offered to the passage of bile by the structure and activity of the terminal portion of the common bile-duct and the neighbouring part of the duodenum. Hepati...

Bile is normally sterile. Bactibilia occurs when bile flow is impaired and bacteria gain access to the biliary duct by the papilla or portal circulation. Bile duct obstruction leads sequentially to increase in intra biliary pressure, infection of bile, cholangiovenous and cholangiolymphatic reflux leading to bacteremia [1-3]. The bacteria described commonly in biliary tract infections include E...

out, should give a better evaluation of its diagnostic and therapeutic value in patients who are to undergo biliary surgery. (1987) Prospective randomised study of pre-operastive endoscopic sphincterotomy versus surgery alone for common bile duct stones. (1987) Study of common bile duct exploration and endoscopic sphincterotomy in a consecutive series of 438 patients. (1988) Surgical versus end...

carcinoid tumors of the bile duct are rare. despite cholangiocarcinoma, they grow more slowly and generally occur in younger patients and females. these tumors have a better prognosis and more disease-free survival. we present the case of a 25-year- old male with common bile duct (cbd) carcinoid tumor misdiagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma.

The factors influencing the migration of gall stones are ill understood. Altogether 331 patients undergoing cholecystectomy were studied prospectively. The diameters of the cystic and common bile ducts and of stones in the gall bladder and bile ducts were measured. Increasing pressure was applied to the freshly excised gall bladder in an attempt to evacuate stones through the cystic duct. Stone...