Silicon soil amendment has been shown to enhance plant defenses against insect pests. Rice is a silicon-accumulating graminaceous plant. In the southern United States, the rice water weevil and stem borers are important pests of rice. Current management tactics for these pests rely heavily on the use of insecticides. This study evaluated the effects of silicon amendment when combined with curre...

Duality and the Wu classes. The “Spanier-Whitehead dual” of a spectrum X is the function spectrum (in which S denotes the sphere spectrum) DX = F (X,S) (which exists by Brown representability). It comes equipped with an “evaluation” pairing DX ∧X → S. Write H∗(−) for homology with F2 coefficients. If X is finite, then the induced pairing H−∗(DX)⊗H∗(X)→ F2 is perfect, so there is an isomorphism ...

Cofiltered diagrams of spectra, also called pro-spectra, have arisen in diverse areas, and to date have been treated in an ad hoc manner. The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a homotopy theory of pro-spectra and to study its relation to the usual homotopy theory of spectra, as a foundation for future applications. The surprising result we find is that our homotopy theory of pr...

Cofiltered diagrams of spectra, also called pro-spectra, have arisen in diverse areas, and to date have been treated in an ad hoc manner. The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a homotopy theory of pro-spectra and to study its relation to the usual homotopy theory of spectra, as a foundation for future applications. The surprising result we find is that our homotopy theory of pr...

Let Mn be a closed, connected n-manifold. Let M−τ denote the Thom spectrum of its stable normal bundle. A well known theorem of Atiyah states that M−τ is homotopy equivalent to the Spanier-Whitehead dual of M with a disjoint basepoint, M+. This dual can be viewed as the function spectrum, F (M,S), where S is the sphere spectrum. F (M,S) has the structure of a commutative, symmetric ring spectru...

Verruca plana, caused by human papilloma virus, is frequently seen in children and young adults. The lesions are usually distributed in photo-exposed areas like face, neck, and dorsum of the hands. Contiguous warts may coalesce to form larger plaque. Linear arrangement of the papules at the sites of scratching (koebnerization) is characteristic. Common differential diagnoses of this condition i...

Winer's dilated pore is an infrequent appendageal tumor characterized by a giant comedone on the face, neck, and upper trunk in adults. We report a 57-year-old woman who developed multiple asymptomatic black papules on both labia majora. Histopathology showed grouped dilated follicles lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium in the superficial dermis. The superficial lining epithelium and inte...

Indian Dermatology Online Journal July-August 2015 Volume 6 Issue 4 Address for correspondence: Dr. Krina B. Patel, Department of Dermatology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. E‐mail: y2k_kbpatel@ yahoo.com Department of Dermatology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India A 47‐year‐old male patient presented with itchy skin lesion...

The three English families in this report have a total of 21 members (16 females and five males) suffering from chronic hidradenitis suppurativa. In family A the condition is associated with acne conglobata and there is vertical transmission of the disorder through three generations. In the others there is no associated cystic acne, but all those affected had a history of acne vulgaris with com...