Thermochromic printing inks could be security inks which respond to the color change when are being exposed to different temperatures. These inks with unusual chemical and physical specific characteristics are mostly produced for flexographic, screen and rotogravure printing systems under the supervision of skilled technical experts and with precise security controls. Since flexographic thermoc...

The states of the 2-bit counters used in many branch prediction schemes can be divided into “strong” and “weak” states. Instead of the typical saturating counter encoding of the states, the 2-bit counter can be encoded such that the least significant bit directly represents whether the current state is strong or weak. This extra bit provides hysteresis to prevent the counters from switching dir...

An in situ colorimetric method, based on the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) system of colorimetry, has been applied to the study of the electrochromic N,N ́-bis(n-heptyl)-4,4 ́-bipyridylium (‘di-n-heptyl viologen’) system in aqueous solution on transmissive ITO/glass substrates. On electrochemical reduction of the di-n-heptyl viologen di-cation, the purple di-n-heptyl viologen rad...

How the human brain understands natural language and how we can exploit this understanding for building intelligent grounded language systems is open research. Recently, researchers claimed that language is embodied in most – if not all – sensory and sensorimotor modalities and that the brain’s architecture favours the emergence of language. In this chapter we investigate the characteristics of...

Hysteresis has been widely recognized in the soil water relationship. In this paper, a detailed review of hysteresis was performed in relation to its models. So far, different models have been suggested to describe hysteresis in the water retention curve (WRC) that could be categorized into two main groups: conceptual and empirical models. The models in the first group are based on the domain t...

Color digital holography (DH) has been researched in various fields such as the holographic camera and microscope because it acquires a realistic color object wave by measuring both amplitude phase. Among methods for DH, phase-shifting DH an advantage of obtaining signal objects without autocorrelation conjugate noises. However, this method usually requires many interferograms to obtain signals...

To improve the color and surface properties of blue-stained radiata pine, heat treatment was carried out at different temperatures times. The change, wettability, dynamic moisture sorption wood were investigated. results showed that, as temperature duration time increased, brightness specimens gradually decreased, became more reddish blueish. In addition, contact angle distilled water 0 s 18 in...

1.1 Hysteresis Operators 3 1.2 The Duhem Model 13 1.3 Rheological Models of Elasto-plasticity 17 1.4 Discontinuous Hysteresis 35 1.5 Micromagnetism 45 1.6 Models of Hysteresis with Internal Variables 56 1.7 Genesis of Hysteresis and Coupling with PDEs 62 1.8 A Transport Equation with Hysteresis 69 1.9 A Quasilinear Parabolic PDE with Hysteresis 78 1.10 A Quasilinear Hyperbolic PDE with Hysteres...