background: labor pain is one of the severest pains that cause many women request cesarean section for fear of pain. thus, controlling labor pain is a major concern of maternity care. nowadays, interest in non-pharmacological pain relief methods has been increased because of their lower side effects. the effects of discrete heat and cold on decreasing labor pain have been reported but there was...

Serial studies were carried out on six healthy volunteers (19-24 years) to investigate the effect of meal temperature [either 4 degrees C (cold), 37 degrees C (control) or 50 degrees C (warm)] on the rate of gastric emptying of a radiolabelled isosmotic drink of orange juice. The mean maximum intragastric temperature occurred 60 seconds after the onset of ingestion of the warm drink and reached...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The efficacy of using impulse oscillometry (IOS) as an indirect measure of airflow obstruction compared to spirometry after exercise challenges in the evaluation of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) has not been fully appreciated. The objective was to compare airway responses following room temperature and cold temperature exercise challenges, and to compare whether IOS...

this experiment was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin c (vc) and coenzyme q10 (coq10) onimmunity response of broilers in cold stress condition using 500 male chicks in a completely randomizeddesign with 5 treatments and five replicates. treatments were: positive control (pc, normal conditionsgrowth without antioxidants), negative control (nc, cold stress without antioxidants), cold s...

in order to have spatial and temporal analysis of iran extreme cold days' trend, the average of daily temperature data from 663 synoptic and climatologic stations of iran during the period of 1961/21/03 to 2004/19/03 were used. then, temperature data on 15*15 kilometer pixels were interpolated using kriging method for iran. the extreme cold days were identified by normalized temperature di...

AIM To determine ranges for skin temperatures in infants weighing under 1000 g in the first five days of life. METHOD Abdominal skin and foot temperatures were automatically collected each second, averaged over 1 minute and stored on computer. A computer program analysed the data in 83 babies weighing under 1000 g at birth over the first five days of life and expressed the temperatures as mea...

A meta-analysis to mathematically summarize the effect of hot and cold temperature exposure on performance was completed. The results from 515 effect sizes calculated from 22 original studies suggest that hot and cold temperatures negatively impact performance on a wide range of cognitive-related tasks. More specifically, hot temperatures of 90 degrees F (32.22 degrees C) Web Bulb Globe Tempera...