A sliding block code π : X → Y between shift spaces is called fiber-mixing if, for every x and x′ in X with y = π(x) = π(x′), there is z ∈ π−1(y) which is left asymptotic to x and right asymptotic to x′. A fiber-mixing factor code from a shift of finite type is a code of class degree 1 for which each point of Y has exactly one transition class. Given an infinite-to-one factor code between mixin...

As a former Portuguese colony, Macao is the only region in China where Cantonese, a variety of Chinese, and English, an international language, are enjoying de facto official statuses, with Putonghua being a quasi-official language and Portuguese being another official language. Recently, with an increasing number of Mainland Chinese students crossing the border to pursue their tertiar...

This study highlights the grammatical boundaries of code-mixing and code-switching practices. The data were collected from several Indonesian scholars’ work on topic and/or code-switching. then analyzed using a descriptive interpretative approach. Many overlapping comprehensions determinations are found in work. concludes that intra-sentential has no certain differences codemixing. Therefore, i...

<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to determine: (1) The type of code-switching and code-mixing used, (2) function used by teachers students, (3) reason students use code-mixing. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection in this carried out observation, questionnaire, interview then analyzed describing the results. results s...