The production of functionalized polymers from biomass is of great interest. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) isolated from lignocellulose have great potential in novel functional materials. In the present study, mild enzymatic treatment followed by high pressure microfluidization of a bleached softwood kraft pulp led to the release of individualized CNFs. Disk milling and high pressure microfluidi...

in this study, the adsorption of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (1c4nb) on carbon nanofibers (cnfs), was investigated in a batch system. the combined effects of operating parameters such as contact time, ph, initial 1c4nb concentration, and cnfs dosage on the adsorption of 1c4nb bycnfs were analyzed using response surface methodology (rsm). the analysis of variance results confirmed that there was sig...

In the present paper, an experimental assessment was performed on the transient thermal performance of a heat sink filled by a phase change material (PCM) and PCM embedded with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and titania (TiO2) nanoparticles as nanostructured materials. In order to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM, CNFs and TiO2 nanoparticles at different loadings (0.5wt. % and 2 wt.% of CNFs a...

Graphite surfaces were bombarded with Ne, Ar and Xe ions at 450 eV–1 keV to induce the carbon nanofiber (CNF) growth at room temperature, and the dependence of size and numerical density of ion-induced CNFs on the ion species and ion energy was investigated in detail. The ion-sputtered surfaces were covered with densely distributed conical protrusions and aligned CNFs grew on the tips, except f...

In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. FTIR spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. The compositions of CNFS indicated that high purity of nan...

Cellulose nanofibrills (CNFs) are attractive biocompatible, natural nanomaterials for wide biomedical applications. However, the immunological mechanisms of CNFs have been poorly investigated. Considering that dendritic cells (DCs) are the key immune regulatory cells in response to nanomaterials, our aim was to investigate the immunological mechanisms of CNFs in a model of DC-mediated immune re...

In this paper, a new and innovative process for assembling chains of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in epoxy, uniquely different from those generally used for chaining particles in a liquid medium, is presented. Chains of aligned CNFs are assembled in a region rich in CNFs and extended into regions where there are no CNFs. A physical explanation of the process is provided based on the conductive natu...

We describe a fast and cost-effective process for the growth of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at a temperature compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, using highly stable polymer-Pd nanohybrid colloidal solutions of palladium catalyst nanoparticles (NPs). Two polymer-Pd nanohybrids, namely poly(lauryl methacrylate)-block-poly((2-acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate)/Pd (LauMA ...

Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers (CNTs or CNFs) have exhibited potential in a wide range of physical and chemical applications [1] and [2]. For applications in gas phase catalysis, loose CNTs or CNFs are unsuited because they limit the catalyst–reactant transport properties and they are difficult to handle when filling in the reactor tubes. In addition, there is a h...

Impagliazzo, Paturi and Zane (JCSS 2001) proved a sparsification lemma for k-CNFs: every k-CNF is a sub-exponential size disjunction of k-CNFs with a linear number of clauses. This lemma has subsequently played a key role in the study of the exact complexity of the satisfiability problem. A natural question is whether an analogous structural result holds for CNFs or even for broader non-uniform...