An allocation of sensing and reporting times is proposed to improve the sensing performance by scheduling them in an efficient way for cognitive radio networks with cluster-based cooperative spectrum sensing. In the conventional cooperative sensing scheme, all secondary users (SUs) detect the primary user (PU) signal to check the availability of the spectrum during a fixed sensing time slot. Th...

One of the most important consideration in designing sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network for prolonging the network lifetime by minimizing energy consumption. The number of cluster and the distribution of cluster heads (CHs) always make a major impact on the network performance. Distance and Density based clustering algorithm can greatly improve energy efficiency of WSNs because it adopts...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a popular bio-inspired algorithm which is applied to solve various optimization problems in many areas including machine intelligence, data mining, robotics and computer networks. In this paper, we propose a PSO-based scheme to solve hot spot problem caused by multi-hop communication in a cluster-based wireless sensor network. The scheme consists of routing ...

A wireless sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are densely deployed in a phenomenon or very close to it. The lifetime of sensor nodes shows a strong dependence on battery lifetime. Clustering provides an effective way for prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Therefore, Clustering techniques are used to distribute the energy consumption among nodes ...

In recent years a lot of work has been done on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) as it find its application in many applications including environmental monitoring and military field surveillance. In these applications tiny sensor nodes are deployed across the application regions. Data gathered by the sensor nodes are periodically collected by the base stations. As the nodes are deployed and left u...

In cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a few sensor nodes, including cluster heads (CHs), can be physically compromised by a malicious adversary. By using compromised CHs, the adversary can intentionally attach false message authentication codes into legitimate sensing reports in order to interrupt reporting of the real events. The existing solutions are vulnerable to such a type of ...

A WSN (wireless sensor network) consists of thousands of sensor nodes which have limited energy, memory, and computation capability. In some of extreme environment, it becomes difficult to replace the sensor nodes once they used up the resources. Therefore, many researchers in this field focus on how to design an efficient routing protocol to prolong the life span of the network. The hierarchic...

Body Sensor Networks (BSN) are an emerging application that places sensors on the human body. Given that a BSN is typically powered by a battery, one of the most critical challenges is how to prolong the lifetime of all sensor nodes. Recently, using clusters to reduce the energy consumption of BSN has shown promising results. One of the important parameters in these cluster-based algorithms is ...

Wireless sensor networks are emerging and involved in a wide range of applications. Improving energy efficiency is significant task WSNs. Energy consumption crucial problem that affects the network lifetime due to limitations nodes. So, it's required introduce more energy-efficient protocols for Different types solutions exist The optimized controlled if clustering an efficient data collection ...

Hierarchical routing is an efficient way to lower energy consumption within a cluster. Due to the characteristics of wireless channels, multi-hop communications between a data source and a data sink are usually more energy efficient than direct transmission. However, because the cluster heads (CHs) closer to the data sink are burdened with heavy relay traffic, they drain much faster than other ...