BACKGROUND Concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticides clothianidin, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were determined in arable soils from a variety of locations in England. RESULTS In soil samples taken from the central area of fields, concentrations of clothianidin ranged from 0.02 to 13.6 µg kg(-1) . Thiamethoxam concentrations were between <0.02 and 1.50 µg kg(-1) , and imidacloprid con...

Disposable, selective and low-cost carbon nanotube modified electrodes were fabricated for the electrochemical detection of neonicotinoid insecticide, Clothianidin (CLT). Almost 2 folds’ increase at Clothianidin reduction signal was obtained by using single-walled carbon nanotube modified electrodes (SWCNT-PGE) compared to unmodified electrodes. These nanomaterials modified electrodes developed...

Insect pest management relies mainly on neurotoxic insecticides, including neonicotinoids, leaving residues in the environment. There is now evidence that low doses of insecticides can have positive effects on pest insects by enhancing various life traits. Because pest insects often rely on sex pheromones for reproduction, and olfactory synaptic transmission is cholinergic, neonicotinoid residu...

There is growing concern over the risk to bee populations from neonicotinoid insecticides and the long-term consequences of reduced numbers of insect pollinators to essential ecosystem services and food security. Our knowledge of the risk of neonicotinoids to bees is based on studies of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam and these findings are extrapolated to clothianidin based on its higher potency...

In summer 2012, we initiated a large-scale field experiment in southern Ontario, Canada, to determine whether exposure to clothianidin seed-treated canola (oil seed rape) has any adverse impacts on honey bees. Colonies were placed in clothianidin seed-treated or control canola fields during bloom, and thereafter were moved to an apiary with no surrounding crops grown from seeds treated with neo...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) was developed for the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin. A new clothianidin hapten (3-[5-(3-methyl-2-nitroguanidinomethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-ylthio] propionic acid) was synthesized and conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and was used for monoclonal antibody preparation. The resulting MoAb CTN-16A3-13 was chara...

In moths, which include many agricultural pest species, males are attracted by female-emitted sex pheromones. Although integrated pest management strategies are increasingly developed, most insect pest treatments rely on widespread use of neurotoxic chemicals, including neonicotinoid insecticides. Residual accumulation of low concentrations of these insecticides in the environment is known to b...

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes worldwide. Pets directly exposed to neonicotinoids in veterinary products through environmental contamination. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is among the most significant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that oxidizes several chemicals, including neonicotinoids. However, CYP activities metabolite compositions of neonicoti...

Many environmental stressors are currently implicated in the decline of flying insects general, and important pollinator species such as honey bee. Recent studies have shown that extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) affect many aspects insect behaviour cognition which raises potential ELF EMFs could interact with other neonicotinoid insecticides to even greater impact on in...

Toxicity effects of the neonicotinoid insecticides clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam were tested in the laboratory on different honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) genotypes belonging to the following subspecies: Apis mellifera mellifera L., Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, and Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann. Oral and indirect contact trials were carried out on adult worker honey bees fo...