abstract  background: chronic neglected dislocation of the shoulder joint can be defined as a neglected dislocation for more than a 3 week period. however, it has been shown that the negligence could range from a 24 hour period to 6 months1. depending on age, signs, symptoms, etiology and types of dislocation, conservative treatment or surgical intervention could be considered.  methods: in thi...

background supracondylar fracture of the humerus is the most common elbow injury that requires reduction and immobilization in the proper position to :union:. there are a few reports regarding the position of the forearm immobilization on elbow cosmetic outcome. objectives this study aimed to compare two modes of the forearm, supination and pronation in elbow deformity incidence after closed re...

Introduction: Internal derangement (ID) of TMJ is the most common type of temporomandibular disorders after muscle disorders and includes all disorders related to incoordination and dislocation of disc and condyle. Anterior disc displacement without reduction or closed lock will happen if the disc or condyle displaces severely or if the disc traps in the space in front of the condyle accompanie...

Background Supracondylar humeral fractures constitute about 60% and 13% of all pediatric elbow and pediatric skeletal fractures, respectively, with a peak incidence in the 5-7 years age group. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare closed reduction with open reduction and pin fixation in type III supracondylar humeral fractures in children younger than...

background : mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care units (nicu) due to many physiological and clinical causes. since these patients have endotracheal tubes, cleaning and keeping the airways open through suctioning should be done to increase oxygenation. this study aimed to evaluate effect of open and closed suctioning methods on respiratory parameters of inf...