in this research, we address the application of uncertaintyprogramming to design a multi-site, multi-product, multi-period,closed-loop supply chain (clsc) network. in order to make theresults of this article more realistic, a clsc for a case study inthe iron and steel industry has been explored. the presentedsupply chain covers three objective functions: maximization ofprofit, minimization of n...

in this paper, firstly by using a mixed linear programming a new model of locating facilities with limited capacity is presented to design a closed-loop supply chain in a multi-product and multi-period mode. then, using a robust optimization approach, the proposed model decreases in non-deterministic expansion. the results show that the proposed model can handle facility capacity in a closed lo...

Recently, with the environmental crisis, Green supply chain management (or GSCM), and in particular closed loop supply chain model, has received considerable attention by researchers. Closed loop supply chain model aims at reduction of waste and generating profit for enterprises through integrating forward and reverse logistics. Unfortunately, there is limited research on general models for clo...

Remanufacturing is an industrial process that makes used products reusable. Remanufacturing is a way to establish a closed-loop supply chain. One of the important aspects in both reverse logistics and remanufacturing is pricing of returned and remanufactured products (called cores) that it has been noticed in this paper. In addition, in this paper the researchers have tried to present a mathema...

High amounts of waste paper are disposed of every year in Iran posing the health hazard and environmental damages instead of being recovered. Collection, recovery and proper disposal of waste paper without damaging the environment need to design an efficient closed-loop supply chain network. The main objective of this paper is introducing a bi-objective, multi-echelon, multi-product and single-...

The design of closed-loop supply chain networks has attracted increasing attention in recent decades with environmental concerns and commercial factors. Due to the rapid growth of knowledge and technology, the complexity of the supply chain operations is increasing daily and organizations are faced with numerous challenges and risks in their management. Most organizations with limited resources...

Recent papers in the concept of Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) have seen a rapid development in applying the stochastic models to get closer to real-world applications. Regaring the special characteristics of each product, the stracture of SCND varies. In tire industry, the recycling and remanufacturing of scraped tires lead to design a closed-loop supply chain. This paper proposes a two-st...

In the recent decade, special attention is paid to reverse logistic due to economic benefits of recovery and recycling of used products as well as environmental legislation and social concerns. On the other hand، many researches claim that separately and sequential planning of forward and reverse logistic causes sub-optimality. Effective transport activities are also one of the most important c...