purpose: to report a case of severe macular edema following the taking of fingolimod in multiple sclerosis. case report: a 34-year-old woman with a long history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis presented complaining of blurred vision in the left eye that started 1 week before the presentation. she had been taking fingolimod for 4 months. she was not diabetic and had no history of uveit...

OBJECTIVE We examined the influence of non-ophthalmic parameters as risk factors of clinically significant macular edema (CSME). METHODS The authors reviewed clinical records of all clinically significant macular edema between 1995 and 2005. The association between the presence of CSME and HgbA1c, onset and duration of diabetes, blood pressure, body mass index, lipid status, sex, tobacco smok...

purpose: to determine if intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide is safe and effective in the treatment of diabetic macular edema unresponsive to prior laser photocoagulation. methods: fifty-four eyes of 38 patients with clinically significant macular edema which had received at least two sessions of laser photocoagulation according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study guidel...

purpose: to evaluate the anatomic and visual results and complications of vitrectomy in eyes with diffuse refractory diabetic macular edema associated with a taut posterior hyaloid. methods: this prospective interventional case series was conducted on 25 eyes of 22 patients with diffuse clinically significant diabetic macular edema, macular thickness greater than 250 microns on optic coherence ...

PURPOSE The outcome of vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PEA+IOL) for diabetic macular edema was evaluated. METHODS Included in this study were 31 patients (42 eyes) with clinically significant diabetic macular edema, in whom posterior vitreous detachment was not observed. Pars plana vitrectomy combined with PEA+IOL was performed on 15 eyes. Sixte...