Like most areas of medicine, the clinical laboratory [clinical pathology (CP)] is seeing a rapid introduction of new technologies and science. New biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and future risk are being proposed at such a high rate that it is difficult to keep up with the literature. At the same time, the aging population of the developed world will dem...

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation [A] and tau reflecting neurofibrillary tangles [T]. These AD markers lead to neurodegeneration [N] cognitive impairments. Recently, the ATN research framework of was presented National Institute on Aging Association. Cerebral small vessel (CSVD, [V]), which one most important cause impairments, has an additive...

Background: The causative agent of the present COVID-19 pandemic is a novel RNA virus called SARS CoV-2. Clinical laboratory has central role in diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting progression disease. Several hematological, biochemical, immunological, coagulation parameters change during course Based on information from several studies, it presumed that replication alters immune system body. ...