Pilot reports from special turbulence-reporting periods were used t o investigate methods of analyzing and forecasting clear-air turbulence over the United States. Meteorological analyses for the special reporting periods were made objectively by computer using only standard upper air rawinsonde measurements. The wind analyses were built upward from the 400-mb level to the 200-mb level using th...

We study a strong clear air turbulence (CAT) event experienced by the German High-Altitude Long-Range research aircraft (HALO) during Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry campaign. HALO encountered CAT leeward of southern Andes Mountains, where tropospheric airflow favored vertically propagating mountain waves that were refracted southeastward into core tropopause jet. Turbule...

In this study, a Route-Based Turbulent-Weather Avoidance Model (TWAM-R) is presented. TWAM-R improves a previously reported trajectory-based model which was tactical in nature. TWAM-R considers more strategic turbulence-avoidance decisions that are based on turbulence forecasts and pilot reports (PIREPs). TWAM-R identifies areas of reduced capacity and areas of potential hazards due to congesti...

Turbulence is a major aviation hazard for both commercial and private aircraft. Currently, the clear-air turbulence forecasting tool Graphical Turbulence Guidance (GTG) is used by airline meteorologists and dispatchers for flight planning, and in part to determine operational Airman’s Meteorological Information (AIRMET) turbulence advisories; however, GTG has much higher resolution and intensit...

A hot-air turbulence emulator is employed for generating controlled optical clear air turbulence in the weak fluctuation regime in laboratory conditions. The analysis of the first and second-order statistical moments of the fluctuating intensity of a propagating infra-red (IR) laser beam through the turbulence emulator is made and the results are compared with bi-directional shore-to-ship marit...