The pectoralis major consists of three parts: clavicular, sternocostal and abdominal. The first is usually separated from the deltoid by a deltopectoral triangular space, and often from the sternocostal part by another triangular space. The clavicular part is a new acquisition in Anthropoids, to optimize stabilization of the upper limb to the thorax thus permitting an increased limb mobility in...

Nonunions and malunions of the clavicle are uncommon but can be disabling. Pain, limitation of shoulder mobility, or local compression of the brachial plexus can produce profound functional impairment. Nonunions usually are associated with more severe fractures, open injuries, or failures of operative treatment. Reconstructive procedures are focused on gaining union and restoring clavicular ana...

(‘omplete dislocation of the acromio-clavicular joint is not a common injury. A review of the literature fails to disclose a carefully followed series numbering more than twenty-five identically treated cases. Treatment is indeed varied, and end-results uncertain. In the past four years we have been fortunate in encountering twenty-seven cases of complete acromio-clavicular dislocation (Fig. 1)...

BACKGROUND The indication for operative treatment of clavicular fractures with bone shortening over 2 cm is much debated. Correct measurement of clavicular length is essential, and reliable measures of clavicular length are therefore highly requested by clinical decision-makers. The aim of this study was to investigate if three commonly scientifically used measurement methods were interchangeab...

BACKGROUND Thoracic and extremity injuries are common in polytraumatized patients. The clavicle limits the upper thoracic cage and connects the body and upper extremities. It is easy to examine and is visible on standard emergency room radiographs. We hypothesize that clavicular fracture in polytrauma patients indicates the presence of further injuries of the upper extremities, head, neck and t...

National Hunt jockeys suffer a disproportionate number of clavicular fractures and their return to riding may be considerably delayed by refracture and symptomatic nonunion, with obvious implications. We report six such cases in which excision of the clavicular fragment distal to the fracture was associated with an early return to work and no recurrent injury to the shoulder.