Mobile government (M-government) is a new delivery channel for governments to provide timely information and services ubiquitously to residents, businesses and other government departments through mobile devices. Developing countries have a higher mobile penetration rate than the fixed line internet rates which opens doors of opportunities for these countries to bridge the digital gab and gain ...

In last three years, Portugal was affected by a financial crisis, which largely increased the unemployment rate, and decreased social conditions of citizens. Emigration and tax evasion were two of the typical strategies that the Portuguese used to solve their difficulties. In this context, emigration is a social behaviour associated to the demand for better life conditions in other countries. P...

This article examines the latest immigration trends into Western Europe, particularly the immigration of Turks to Germany. The origins of Turkish immigration and German immigration law are reviewed. Turkey’s bid for European Union membership is examined historically and opinions about how this potential European Union member has caused controversy and how Turkey could change the face of the Eur...

The inconsistency of the beliefs citizens have about political issues is neither a new nor a surprising finding for political scientists (Converse 1964). Still at least from a normative point of view attitude constraint is a desideratum that is important for the quality of electoral decisions and ultimately for the quality of democracy (Friedman 2006). Under these circumstances it is not surpri...

Citizen participation in online communities of scientific investigations has recently become more popular. Enhancing the engagement of citizens within these communities is a focus of attention for researchers and practitioners who want to amplify the impact on learning, science and society. This study investigates the relationship between engagement factors and behaviour patterns in an online c...

The electronic voting system of Brazil is widely trusted by the citizens of the country and international observers as an efficient and reliable mechanism of producing elections results that accurately represent the choices of the electorate. In this paper we examine the conditions contributing to such an attitude of trust towards a government institution. We argue that the observed trust is on...

Industrial and technological change and increased urbanization has altered the face of nature. And nature is being consumed in the production of material goods. Environmental crises such as the condition of Lake Urumieh in north western Iran demonstrates that unregulated use of the natural environment disrupts ecosystems that threaten the survival of plant species, animals and humans. Environme...