OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS High-resolution manometry (HRM) is useful in identifying disordered swallowing patterns and quantifying pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) physiology. HRM is limited by unidirectional sensors and circumferential averaging of pressures, resulting in an imperfect understanding of pressure from asymmetrical pharyngeal anatomy. This study aims to evaluate UES pres...

The detailed mechanical properties of various layers of the coronary artery are important for understanding the function of the vessel. The present article is focused on the determination of the incremental modulus in different layers and directions in the neighborhood of the in vivo state. The incremental modulus can be defined for any material subjected to a large deformation if small perturb...

Thermal stress analysis of a thick-walled cylinder reinforced with functionally graded (FG) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is considered in radial direction. Thick-walled cylinder is subjected to a thermal field. Two layouts of variations in the volume fraction of SWCNTs were considered in the composite cylinder along the radius from inner to outer surface, where their names are increm...

The passive elastic properties of the mantle of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis have been characterized in experiments on intact mantle and on pieces cut from the mantle. The mantle was found to be very compliant over a wide range of circumferential strains, corresponding to a change in mantle circumferential strain of 0.45. Beyond this range of strain, the mantle was much stiffer, in both the...

The vertebrate embryonic ventricle transforms from a smooth-walled single tube to trabeculated right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) chambers during cardiovascular morphogenesis. We hypothesized that ventricular contraction patterns change from globally isotropic to chamber-specific anisotropic patterns during normal morphogenesis and that these deformation patterns are influenced by...

We experienced a case in which live 3D transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was found much more valuable than 2D TEE in assessing mitral lesions in circumferential direction and making surgical plans for mitral valve prolapse.

The microstructural orientation of vascular wall constituents is of interest to scientists and clinicians because alterations in their native states are associated with various cardiovascular diseases. In the arterial media, the orientation of these constituents is often described as circumferential. However, it has been noted that, just below the endothelial surface, the vascular wall constitu...

A semi-analytical iterative method as one of the newest analytical methods is used for the elastic analysis of thick-walled spherical pressure vessels made of functionally graded materials subjected to internal pressure. This method is accurate, fast and has a reasonable order of convergence. It is assumed that material properties except Poisson’s ratio are graded through the thickness directio...