Article history: Nd isotopic compositions o Received 19 November 2007 Received in revised form 20 May 2008 Accepted 21 May 2008 Available online 5 June 2008 Editor: H. Elderfield

[1] This study shows that the surface buoyancy conditions in the Northern Hemisphere may influence the stratification and transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). We use a course-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) in an idealized single-basin configuration with a circumpolar channel. A decrease in the magnitude of the surface temperature meridional gradient in the No...

Article history: The isotopic composition of Received 18 April 2008 Received in revised form 25 July 2008 Accepted 29 July 2008 Available online 7 September 2008 Editor: M.L. Delaney

because of low spatial resolution and simplifications in meteorological processes in global circulation models, they cannot sufficiently simulate the weather, comparing to the regional models; then, spatial and temporal downscaling of the gcm outputs are needed for decreasing errors of the global circulation models. there are two methods of downscaling: statistical and dynamic. weather generato...

in spite of considerable increase in the resolution of general circulation and regional models, none of these models are capable to predict and downscale the meteorological outputs in the scale of meteorological station.in this regard, different dynamical and statistical models have been developed for downscaling outputs of gcms. in this paper, grided meteorological outputs of general circulati...