Background and Objectives: Self-perception burden is one of the most important aspects of chronic pain. the present study is to determine the psychometric properties of the Self-perception burden Scale a sample of Iranian chronic pain patients. Methods: In this study, 324 male and female chronic pain patients in Tehran were examined by the available sampling method. For convergent validity, the...

as far as bandura’s (1977) conceptualization of the sense of self-efficacy is concerned, it is argued to be context- and even task-specific, compared to other concepts like self-esteem (brown, 2000); therefore, upon the previous research studies, related theories and definitions, and the ideas and views obtained from the interviews conducted with the scholars, the current research study aimed a...

 Aim and Background: Chronic pain self-management is one of the improvement, rehabilitation and prevent worsening of the pain programs influenced by several factors such as severity of pain and type of recurrent and continuous chronic pain, that the present study examines these two factors through catastrophic thoughts and pain self-efficacy. Methods and Materials: This study was descriptive an...

abstract this study aimed at investigating the possible relationship between self-assessment in writing and self-regulation of iranian efl learners. the main purpose of the study was not only to report and inform about this relationship, but also to investigate and find practical outcomes of the incorporation of self-assessment in writing, such as improving writing skill. the research was carr...

The purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of semantic cognitive reconstruction therapy and self-encouragement therapy on chronic fatigue in people with psychosomatic skin. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included people with psychosomatic skin who were referred to...

Abstract Introduction: Today medical world is facing the increase of chronic diseases. Rheumatoid Arthritis as a chronic disease causes pain, fatigue, limited mobility and daily activity, physical function disorder and disability. An important part of controlling chronic illnesses such as rheumatoid arthritis is enabling patients to conduct self-care and adjusting to condition of chronic d...

 Aims and background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive- behavior therapy (CBT) and schema therapy (ST) on the reduction of cognitive error of pain catastrophizing and increase of pain self- efficacy of Tehranian patients with chronic back pain. Materials and methods: The present study was aquasi-experimental design that conducted in the form of pretest,...

Introduction: Low self-esteem and poor body image cause patients with skin diseases to lack Assertiveness and avoid social interactions. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Assertiveness and Effective Communication Skills" training on self-esteem and self-communication in chronic skin patients.  Methods: The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-t...

 Aim and Background: Differences    in    attachment    styles    have    been    linked    to    cognitive    variables    in    patients    with    chronic    pain,    but    mechanisms    through    which    attachment    styles    might    impact    cognitive    factors    are    unclear.    The    aim    of    the    present    study    was    to    examine    the    effect    of    predic...