chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung parenchyma that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. cigarette smoking considered as an important risk factor plays a role in pathogenesis of disease. pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed host, al...

  Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) secondary to sulfur mustard exposure, known as mustard lung, is an important late pulmonary complication. The BODE (Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise) index has been established as a valuable tool for determining the adverse consequences of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the BODE index in pat...

bronchial responsiveness to bronchodilator medications is usually tested to establish reversibility of airflow obstruction. among the various tests to establish bronchodilator response, fev1, fef25-75% or fef50%, and fvc are the most widely used. in a cross-sectional study, we assessed spirometric responses after administration of bronchodilator in 187 workers with obstructive pattern in spirom...

the six-minute walk test (6mwt) is a well-tolerated test which reflects daily activities and can be easily used in clinical practice. the 6mwt provides information about functional capacity, response to therapy and prognosis across a range of chronic cardiopulmonary conditions. moreover, the 6mwt is sensitive to the common therapies used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, such as pulmon...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (copd) are planned to rank fifth in burden of disease and third with respect to mortality by 2020. carrying out research regarding different aspects of copd is mentioned as important health priorities by academic institutions and governments. the burden of lung disease (bold) initiative was designed a decade ago to develop robust models that ca...

background and purpose: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has been recognized as a risk factor for invasive aspergillosis. airway colonization by aspergillus species is a common feature of chronic pulmonary diseases. nowadays, the incidence of copd has increased in critically ill patients. the aim of the present study was to isolate and identify aspergillus colonies in the respirator...

introduction: corticosteroids are routinely used in management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbation. the main purpose of present study was to compare the efficacy of methyl prednisolone (mp) and dexamethasone (dxm) for this purpose. methods: adult copd patients entered the present clinical trial. all patients received standard treatment on admission and were then divided...

background: depression and smoking decrease health status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), but the combined effect of the two factors is unknown. this study aimed to assess the interactive effects of depression and smoking on the severity of patients with copd. methods: a prospective cohort study including 2,268 patients with copd was conducted in seven rural communities from ma...