The gametocidal (Gc) chromosome from Aegilops spp induces chromosome mutation, which is introduced into common wheat as a tool of chromosome manipulation for genetic improvement. The Gc chromosome functions similar to a restriction-modification system in bacteria, in which DNA methylation is an important regulator. We treated root tips of wheat carrying Gc chromosomes with the hypomethylation a...

objective: to study the structure and distribution of microtubules in embryos derived from young, old and reconstructed oocytes. materials and methods: embryos obtained from old (50 embryos), young (50 embryos) and reconstructed oocytes (10 embryos) were studied by immunocytochemistry. the microtubule structures of the embryos were studied by using fluroscent microscopy with fitc-pi filter and ...

Frog sex chromosomes offer an ideal system for advancing our understanding of genome evolution and function because of the variety of sex determination systems in the group, the diversity of sex chromosome maturation states, the ease of experimental manipulation during early development. After briefly reviewing sex chromosome biology generally, we focus on what is known about frog sex determina...

Abstract Red sea bream Pagrus major is extremely important in the aquaculture of Japan. The breeding red bream, which has a history more than half century, can be divided into three main categories. first selective breeding. Aquaculture Research Institute, Kindai University, began fast-growing breams early 1960s through mass selection. I summarized results selection and characteristics fish 199...

The prospect of manipulating human chromosomes in an experimentally tractable system has been an attractive, but elusive one ever since Murray and Szostak introduced the concept of an artificial chromosome constructed from isolated components a dozen years ago (1). Subsequent studies in yeast using the artificial chromosome system have provided numerous insights into the molecular nature of and...

Viscoelastic flow-based particle manipulation techniques enable bio-particle focusing, separation, and enrichment by precisely tuning the rheological parameters, flow conditions, microchannel geometry. In this study, we fabricated a PDMS-based single inlet/outlet to separate bio-particles their size ranging from 1-10 μm. Flow conditions properties are optimized using 2 μm 4 Polystyrene beads re...

Objective: There is a large theoretical literature regarding stock market manipulation. However, empirical evidence of manipulation remains scare especially in emerging markets like Iran. So, it is vital to detect and prevent. Manipulation distorts prices, thereby reducing market efficiency and harms public confidence. Distorted prices increase market volatility and risk. This study empirically...

Emerging and re-emerging swine coronaviruses (CoVs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), acute syndrome-CoV (SADS-CoV), cause severe in neonatal piglets, CoV infection is associated with significant economic losses for the industry worldwide. Reverse genetics systems realize manipulation of RNA genome facilitate development new vaccines. Thus far, five re...