Proteoglyeans from bovine aorta were extracted by 0.15 M NaCl and by digestion with collagenase and with elastase. The nonspecific protease activity of elastase was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) of the proteoglycans were isolated, characterized, and quantitated. About 50% of the tissue chondroitin 4and B-sulfates, 75% of hyaluronic acid, and almost all chondro...

Three species of colonic bacteria can ferment the mucopolysaccharide chondroitin sulfate: Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides sp. strain 3452A (an unnamed DNA homology group), and B. thetaiotaomicron. Proteins associated with the utilization of chondroitin sulfate by B. thetaiotaomicron have been characterized previously. In this report we compare chondroitin lyases and chondroitin sulfate-associat...

Evidence is presented which establishes that chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate are part of the same macromolecular proteinpolysaccharide in bovine nasal septum. Degradation of the proteinpolysaccharide with papain releases single chains of chondroitin sulfate with a characteristic residual peptide still attached. A larger molecular weight fragment contains the keratan sulfate which retain...

The objective of this study was to investigate technical methods for extraction of mucopolysachharide-protein containing chondroitin sulfate from keel cartilage of chickens. The chemical composition of chicken keel cartilage was determined. For the preparation of mucopolysaccharide-protein from lyophilized chicken keel cartilage, hot water extraction and alcalase hydrolysis methods were examine...

Bovine nucleus pulposus has been found to be a good source of a series of proteinpolysaccharides containing chondroitin 6-sulfate and keratan sulfate. Six distinct fractions have been separated, totaling 40 % of the dry weight of the tissue. Each fraction contains protein, chondroitin B-sulfate, and keratan sulfate, but the proportions of these components are different in each fraction. Of thes...

An oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS) was identified as a contaminant to pharmaceutical heparin and severe anaphylactoid reactions were ascribed to this contaminant. An examination of the biochemistry underlying both the anticoagulant activity and the toxic effects of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate was undertaken. This study demonstrates that the anticoagulant activity of this oversulfat...

After chondroitinase digestion of bovine nasal and tracheal cartilage proteoglycans, subsequent treatment with trypsin or trypsin followed by chymotrypsin yielded two major types of polypeptide-glycosaminoglycan fragments which could be separated by Sepharose 6B chromatography. One fragment, located close to the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the protein core, had a high relative keratan sul...

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are polysaccharide chains that are attached to core proteins to form proteoglycans. The biosynthesis of GAGs is a multistep process that includes the attachment of sulfate groups to specific positions of the polysaccharide chains by sulfotransferases. Heparan-sulfate and heparan sulfate-sulfotransferases play important ro...

The glycosaminoglycan chondroitin sulfate is a critical component of proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. As such, chondroitin sulfate side chains and the sulfation balance of chondroitin play important roles in the control of signaling pathways, and have a functional importance in human disease. In contrast, very little is known about the roles of chondroitin sulf...

Chondroitin sulfate from bovine tracheal cartilage, with the basic structure (4-O-sulfo-D-GalpNAc beta-1-->4-D-GlcpA)n, was chemically modified by O-sulfonation. Depending on the reaction conditions, the products showed a different degree of O-sulfonation. A fully O-sulfonated chondroitin sulfate, having no free hydroxyl groups, and a sulfo ester group:disaccharide unit ratio of 4.0 was prepare...