By means of enzymatic digestion with chondroitinase-ABC, a novel unsaturated disaccharide bearing two sulfate residues has been derived from chondroitin sulfate of squid cartilage. Various data, particularly the formation of 2-acetamido-2deoxy-3-0-(P-n-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfoD-galactose and its 6-O-sulfate isomer by hydrolysis with chondro-6-sulfatase and chondro-4-sulfatase,...

BACKGROUND Rapamycin is an effective immunosuppressant widely used to maintain the renal allograft in pediatric patients. Linear growth may be adversely affected in young children since rapamycin has potent anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties. METHODS Weanling three week old rats were given rapamycin at 2.5 mg/kg daily by gavage for 2 or 4 weeks and compared to a Control group g...

BACKGROUND: Cartilage tear has begun to be treated with stem cells. However, cell oxygen level culture not been evaluated for the best environment enhance chondrogenesis. AIM: The purpose of this review is focus on hypoxic cells as a treatment cartilage tear. METHODS: A literature search was systemically conducted PubMed (MEDLINE), OVID, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web Science, Science Di...

Microfracture (MFx) is currently the recommended option for the treatment of small cartilage defects but is not regarded as suitable for the treatment of defects larger than 2.5 cm(2). To extent its applicability to medium-sized defects MFx has been combined with a collagen type I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide(®)). This technique is called Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC(®)) and meanw...

Objective: To determine if lubricin was present in the surface layer of repair cartilage formed after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Design: Forty-three biopsies of repair tissue were taken from patients who had been treated with ACI 8 to 68 months previously (mean of 18.0 ± 14.4 months); 30 had flaps of periosteum and 13 of Chondro-Gide. Cryopreserved sections were stained with hem...

Bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) differentiate into multiple lineages including chondro- and osteogenic fates and function in establishing the hematopoietic compartment of the bone marrow. Here, we analyze the emergence of different MSC types during mouse limb and long bone development. In particular, PDGFRαposSCA-1pos (PαS) cells and mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs) are detected ...

background dedifferentiation of chondrocytes remains a major problem for cartilage tissue engineering. chondrocytes loss differentiated phenotype in in vitro culture that is undesired for repair strategies. the chondrocyte is surrounded by a pericellular matrix (pcm), together forming the chondron. pcm has a positive effect on the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during culture in compariso...

BACKGROUND Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes remains a major problem for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondrocytes loss differentiated phenotype in in vitro culture that is undesired for repair strategies. The chondrocyte is surrounded by a pericellular matrix (PCM), together forming the chondron. PCM has a positive effect on the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during culture in compar...

OBJECTIVE To identify intrinsic differences in cartilage gene expression profiles between wild-type- and Dio2-/--mice, as a mechanism to investigate factors that contribute to prolonged healthy tissue homeostasis. METHODS Previously generated microarray-data (Illumina MouseWG-6 v2) of knee cartilage of wild-type and Dio2 -/- -mice were re-analyzed to identify differential expressed genes inde...

OBJECTIVE One of the early hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage. Early diagnosis of OA-associated cartilage alterations would be beneficial for disease prevention and control, and for the development of disease-modifying treatments. However, early diagnosis is still hampered by a lack of quantifiable readouts in preclinical models. DESIGN I...