The deacetylation of UDP-3-O-[(R)-3-hydroxymyristoyl]-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc) by LpxC is the committed reaction of lipid A biosynthesis. CHIR-090, a novel N-aroyl-l-threonine hydroxamic acid, is a potent, slow, tight-binding inhibitor of the LpxC deacetylase from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus, and it has excellent antibiotic activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ...

Ig-like inhibitory receptors have been the focus of intensive research particularly in mouse and human. We report the cloning and characterization of three novel inhibitory chicken Ig-like receptors (CHIR) that display a two Ig-domain extracellular structure, a transmembrane region lacking charged residues and a cytoplasmic domain containing two ITIM. The localization of all receptors to a smal...

The innate and adaptive immune systems of vertebrates possess complementary, but intertwined functions within immune responses. Receptors of the mammalian innate immune system play an essential role in the detection of infected or transformed cells and are vital for the initiation and regulation of a full adaptive immune response. The genes for several of these receptors are clustered within th...

Fc receptors are key players of the immune system that link the fine specificity of immunoglobulins and innate effector responses. Here, we describe a nonmammalian Fcgamma receptor, CHIR-AB1, a member of the leukocyte receptor complex, that binds IgY with high affinity with its single Ig domain. It is expressed on immature and mature B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cel...

I review the recently developed Choice of Internal Representations (CHIR) training algorithm for multi-layer perceptrons, with an emphasis on relevant properties for hardware implementation. A comparison to the common error back-propagation algorithm shows that there are potential advantages in realizing CHIR in hard-

Chicken IgY, the ancestral form of mammalian IgE and IgG, is recognized by the high-affinity FcY receptor CHIR-AB1, a member of the leukocyte receptor family. In this study, we have characterized the receptor ligand interaction site by consecutive truncations of the Fcv IgY domains and mutational analyses of selected residues. Using several fusion proteins that linked the human Cgamma2 and Cgam...

Activin A maintains the pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. A combination of activin A and CHIR99021 (CHIR), a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase‑3β, is suitable for feeder‑free culture of hiPS cells. In the present study, the specific role of the Wnt signaling pathway in cells cultured under different conditions was investigated. Following transfection with the re...

This paper is a report of Chinese Text Retrieval (CHTR) tasks in NTCIR Workshop 2. CHTR tasks fall into two categories: Chinese-Chinese IR (CHIR) and English-Chinese IR (ECIR). The definitions, schedules, test collection (CIRB010), search results, evaluation, and initial analyses of search results of CHIR and ECIR are discussed in this paper.

Idem., St. Bart's Hosp. med. Rep., 1912, 43, 73. Idem., Brit. med. J., 1912, ii, 1367. Idem., Brit. J. Surg., 1914, 2, 17. Idem., The Robert Jones Birthday Volume, Oxford University Press, 1928, p. 127. Idem., J. Bone Jt Surg., 1931, 13, 423. ELMSLE, R. C., FRASER, F. R., DUNHLL, T. P., VICK, R. M., HARRIS, C. F., and DAUPHINEE, J. A., Brit. J. Surg., 1933, 20, 479. ELMsLE, R. C., Lpool med.-ch...

PURPOSE Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) for which activating mutations have been identified in a proportion of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients and associated with poor clinical prognosis. Given the relevance of FLT3 mutations in AML, we investigated the activity of CHIR-258, an orally active, multitargeted small molecule, with potent activity...