background and objective: despite consistent evidence that probiotics reduce the duration of diarrhea, there is only weak evidence for their efficacy in reducing the duration of hospitalization. another source of heteroge-neity for probiotic trials is the type of probiotic being assessed; also, information about combined products is scarce. methods: this is a randomized, single-blind controlled...

midgut malrotation is typically presented during the first few months of life but sometimes may encounter later in life, causing difficulties and mistakes in diagnosis. we reviewed records of eleven rare patients with midgut malrotation older than one year of age and extracted their clinical and paraclinical data. the most common presenting symptoms were bilious vomiting, recurrent abdominal pa...

conclusions carcinomas were the most common malignant tumors of head and neck observed in this age group. also, oral cancers in children and adolescents constitute a small percentage of the lesions that were studied objectives we aimed to determine the frequency of head and neck cancers in a population of iranian children and adolescents. patients and methods the records of patients ≤ 19 years ...

statement of problem: blindness as a disability seems to produce difficulties to reach an ideal heath status of the teeth. moreover ordinary educational health programmes for this group of population, especially children, are not successful. purpose: investigate the dental health status of these children and to see if they are really different with the normal population. materials and methods: ...

background:leisure time activity is an important life-style habit. this study aims to determine the screen time ofa nationally representative sample of iranian children and adolescents. methods:this nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as part ofthe fourth survey of a surveillance system. the participants consisted of 14880 students, with aged range from 6 to 18 years, living in 30 pr...

background: the recent studies show that rotavirus is important cause of the acute gastroenteritis. the aim of this review is to estimate the number of rotavirus infection among iranian children by performing a systematic review and estimating a pooled data. methods: we performed a systematic literature review in relevant databases including pubmed, medline, ovid, sid, magiran, and iranmedex. s...

BACKGROUND Selecting appropriate controls for studies of genetic variation in case series is important. The two major candidates involve the use of blood donors or a random sample of the population. METHODS We compare and contrast the two different populations of controls for studies of genetic variation using data from parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (...

A lot has been written about the stressors in the lives of parents of children with disabilities. Studies have been done to understand the types, causes and the effects of these stresses. Most often, only the negative aspects of this situation are highlighted. The work is primarily addressed towards understanding and measuring the negative attitude and adverse consequences of having a child wit...

Families are a critical source of support for children with disabilities. Family members absorb the added demands on time, emotional resources, and financial resources (BakerEriczen, Brookman-Frazee, & Stahmer, 2005) that are associated with having a child with a disability. yet, rewards from having a family member with a disability, such as personal and spiritual growth, have also been noted (...