Family is a basic unit of the society and the main source of human development. The initial aim of the family is psychological and social support of its members and has special developmental stages. Researches show the families who have less cohesion, have more conflicts and maladjustments and the members of such families are not able to communicate effectively. Family is a system in which any ...

Using a scale of child rearing preferences, scholars find that African Americans are far more authoritarian than Whites. We argue that this racial gap in authoritarianism is largely a measurement artifact. The child rearing scale now used to measure authoritarianism is cross-racially invalid because it draws heavily on a metaphor about hierarchy. Akin to someone who favors enforcing conformity ...

objectives: providing care to children who have disability is often a stressful experience, yet spiritual beliefs may help mothers to be patient, tolerant and  hard in coping with child-rearing difficulties. this study examined the relationship between the spiritual attitudes of mothers of handicapped children to child-rearing and psychological hardiness. methods: in a descriptive correlational...

The Role of Child-Rearing Practices in the Socialization Processes of Junior High School Students: A Socio-Cultural Perspective M. Hossaynnejaad H. Abdollaahzaadeh, Ph.D. From a Vygotskian perspective since children construct their value systems through interaction with others, they can become self-regulated if their culture emphasizes such a characteristic via the child-reari...

The Relationship between Parenting Styles, Psychological Hardiness, and Students’ Resilience Z. Mirzamohammadi, M.A. F. Mohsenzadeh, Ph.D. M. Arefi, Ph.D. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parenting styles (dominant, possessive and ignoring child rearing attitudes), psychological hardiness, and students’ resilience. The resear...

The goal of this study is to address directly the predictive value of birth outputs, particularly birth weight. Specifically, in the context of four birth inputs (maternal smoking, drinking, prenatal care, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy), three birth outputs (gestational age, birth length, and birth weight), and 32 exogenous covariates observed during pregnancy, we investigate the ab...

BACKGROUND Elevated distress has been well documented among parents of children with cancer. Family systems theories suggest that cancer-related stressors and parental distress have the potential to affect child-rearing practices, but this topic has received limited empirical attention. The present work examined self-reported child-rearing practices among mothers and fathers of children with ca...

UNLABELLED Women with epilepsy (WWE) have poorer knowledge and skill in child rearing than women without epilepsy. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a self-instructional module (SIM) on the child rearing knowledge (CRK) and practice (CRP) of WWE and developmental outcome of their babies. METHODS One hundred women in first trimester of pregnancy that were enrolled in to the Kerala Registry o...