background: labor pain is one of the severest pains that cause many women request cesarean section for fear of pain. thus, controlling labor pain is a major concern of maternity care. nowadays, interest in non-pharmacological pain relief methods has been increased because of their lower side effects. the effects of discrete heat and cold on decreasing labor pain have been reported but there was...

The goal of this study is to address directly the predictive value of birth outputs, particularly birth weight. Specifically, in the context of four birth inputs (maternal smoking, drinking, prenatal care, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy), three birth outputs (gestational age, birth length, and birth weight), and 32 exogenous covariates observed during pregnancy, we investigate the ab...

If fertility reflects the choice of households, results of their choice (duration between successive births and health of the children) cannot be considered to be determined randomly. Most existing studies of child health, however, tend to overlook the effects of fertility selection on child health. This paper argues that not accounting for this selection issue yields biased estimates and it is...

background: malnutrition is one of the most common hazards which compromise children’s health. previous studies have reported high rates of malnutrition in kohkilouyeh and boyer ahmad. objective: this study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of child malnutrition in yasuj and to explore the association between family characteristics and malnutrition. methods: data were collected from healt...

This study exploits an exogenous health shock—the birth of a child with a severe health condition that is considered by the medical community to be random—to investigate the effect of that shock on the family’s housing situation. We use population-based data from an urban birth cohort study that oversampled nonmarital births, resulting in a relatively disadvantaged sample that may be particular...

The rational or commonsense way of removing that terrible curse?" In sorrow thou shall bring forth children "?was solved for me some nine years ago when I read Dr. Lahmann's Natural Hygiene and Dr. Alice B. Stockham's Tokology. Until I had studied these two books I was under the impression that, whilst painless and easy delivery is the rule amongst animals, it rarely occurs in civilised human b...

that this formidable surgery, which although difficult at first until the operative routines and techniques are developed, has improved the prognosis for what had often been regarded as previously hopeless cases and on which the whole gamut of orthodox surgery such as antero lateral drainage, posterior spinal fusion had often already been carried out. Encouraged by the satisfactory results of s...

Identified factors associated with parenting stress among the parents of low birth weight children participating in a prospective longitudinal study. The child's development status and the quality of the infant-parent relationship contributed to early childhood parenting stress beyond the contribution of neonatal medical risk, which was a significant predictor until the concurrent measure of ch...

We examine the degree to which women’s fertility decisions depend on greater gender symmetry in child care. We analyse second births and focus particularly on the importance of fatherly care for women with a strong career orientation. Exploiting the European Community Household Panel, we use event-history techniques and compare Denmark and Spain, two countries that represent the European extrem...