The O polysaccharide (OPS) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens IMV 7836 and some other strains that are classified in serogroup O1 was shown to be a novel linear alpha-D-rhamnan with the tetrasaccharide O repeat -->3)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1-->3)-alpha-D-Rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-D-R hap-(1-->2)- alpha-D-Rhap-(1--> (chemotype 1A). The same alpha-D-rhamnan serves as the back...

Cell walls of Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis, obtained by mechanical breakage of yeast- and mycelial-phase cultures, were lipid-extracted and then fractionated with ethylenediamine. Unextracted cell walls, lipid-extracted cell walls, and the three fractions resulting from ethylenediamine treatment were examined for monosaccharide and chitin content. The yeast-phase cell wal...

The distribution of fitness effects of adaptive mutations remains poorly understood, both empirically and theoretically. We study this distribution using a version of Fisher’s geometrical model without pleiotropy, such that each mutation affects only a single trait. We are motivated by the notion of an organism’s chemotype, the set of biochemical reaction constants that govern its molecular con...

fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causes of fhb or wheat scab in different part of the world. this fungus is able to produce widespread trichothecene mycotoxins such as nivalenol (niv) and deoxynivalenol (don) which are harmful for both human and animals. to determine chemotypes of trichothecene, a total of 100 isolates from different fields of golestan province in iran includin...

A survey of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-contaminated wheat in Ethiopia recovered 31 isolates resembling members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex. Results of a multilocus genotyping (MLGT) assay for FHB species and trichothecene chemotype determination suggested that 22 of these isolates might represent a new species within the Fg complex. Phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequen...

The leaf essential oil of Croton zambesicus growing in Odogbolu, Ogun State, Nigeria, was obtained and analyzed by GC-MS. The leaf oil was dominated by the sesquiterpenoids -caryophyllene (8.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (21.7%), the monoterpenoids linalool (6.2%) and camphor (5.9%), and the diterpenoident-trachyloban-3-one (8.1%). A numerical cluster analyses has revealed at least two chemotype...

This work was aimed at correlating the chemotype of three Mentha species cultivated in Romania with an in vivo study of the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of essential oils. The selected species were Mentha piperita L. var. pallescens (white peppermint), Mentha spicata L. subsp. crispata (spearmint), and Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. (pineapple mint). Qualitative and quantitative analy...

Fusarium goolgardi, isolated from the grass tree Xanthorrhoea glauca in natural ecosystems of Australia, is closely related to fusaria that produce a subgroup of trichothecene (type A) mycotoxins that lack a carbonyl group at carbon atom 8 (C-8). Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that F. goolgardi isolates produce type A trichothecenes, but exhibited one of two chemotypes. Some isolates (50%...

Analysis of Fusarium head blight (FHB) pathogen diversity revealed that 3ADON producing Fusarium graminearum are prevalent in North America and identified significant population structure associated with trichothecene chemotype differences (F(ST)>0.285; P<0.001). In addition, we identified a trichothecene chemotype cline in Canada and documented a recent and significant shift in FHB pathogen co...

Recent studies on a field population of F. graminearum sensu stricto from Argentina revealed an atypical panel of strains identified through PCR genotyping as 15ADON genotypes, but producing high levels of 3ADON. Based on representative strain CBS 139514, we asked if the discrepancy between the trichothecene genotype and chemotype might result from an inter-chemotype recombination of the chemot...