Recently, a renewed interest arises in the application of nanotechnology for the upstream petroleum industry. In particular, adding nanoparticles to fluids may drastically benefit enhanced oil recovery and improve well drilling, by changing the properties of the fluid, rocks wettability alteration, advanced drag reduction, strengthening the sand consolidation, reducing the inter-facial tension and...

The senses of taste and odor are both chemical senses. However, whereas an organism can detect an odor at a relatively long distance from its source, taste serves as the ultimate proximate gatekeeper of food intake: it helps in avoiding poisons and consuming beneficial substances. The automatic reaction to a given taste has been developed during evolution and is well adapted to conditions that ...

geotechnical investigations of waste fills are rarely undertaken, and consequently the geotechnical community has little knowledge of their engineering properties. in this study, a geotechnical testing program was conducted to evaluate the engineering properties of old municipal solid waste sampled in whamyung msw landfill site, busan, korea. the conducted tests included water content, specific...

Electro-osmosis in clayey soils and sediments, for purposes of clay consolidation, dewatering, or cleanup, and electro injection in porous media is widespread recent decades. It is experimentally found that the chemical properties of porous media especially PH change the characteristics of media. Electro-osmotic conductivity is a function of soil and grout material chemistry, altering with time...

Vertical drains and stone columns which have been used in infrastructure construction for highways, ports, coastal regions, etc., provide significant benefits for improving soil characteristics such as reducing the drainage length and accelerating the consolidation process. So the investigation of the radial consolidation is inevitable. Soils may be subjected to cyclic loading such as silos, ta...

This study compares two cleaning methods, one involving an ammonium carbonate-EDTA mixture and the other involving the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ATCC 29579, for the removal of black crust (containing gypsum) on marble of the Milan Cathedral (Italy). In contrast to the chemical cleaning method, the biological procedure resulted in more homogeneous removal ...

growing evidence suggests that serotonin plays an important role in learning and memory and all its receptors might be implicated in this process. the present study aimed at investigating and comparing the possible involvement of 5-ht 3 and 5-ht 4 receptor (r) agonists/antagonists upon consolidation of inhibitory avoidance memory in the pre-limbic (pl) area. bilateral intra-pl microinjections o...

In this paper we examine a consolidation and dispatching problem motivated by a multinational chemical company which has to decide routinely the best way of delivering a set of orders to its customers over a multi-day planning horizon. Every day the decision to be made includes order consolidation, vehicle dispatching as well as load packing into the vehicles. We develop a heuristic based on a ...

DNA methylation is a covalent chemical modification of DNA catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNA methylation is associated with transcriptional silencing and has been studied extensively as a lifelong molecular information storage mechanism put in place during development. Here we report that DNMT gene expression is upregulated in the adult rat hippocampus following contextual fear c...